MacDonald of Ardnamurchan
The MacDonalds of Ardnamurchan, also known as MacIain of Ardnamurchan, or Clan MacIan,[1] were a Scottish family and a branch of the larger Clan Donald.
History
[edit]
Origins of the Clan
[edit]The founder of the Macdonalds of Ardnamurchan was Iain Sprangach MacDonald (d.1340), the third son of Angus Mor MacDonald (d.1292), 4th chief of Clan Donald.[1][2] Iain is the Scottish Gaelic for the Christian name John.[3] The surname MacIain therefore means son of John.[1]
Iain Sprangach MacDonald was also known as John the Bold. His brother, Angus Og Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, was a great ally of King Robert the Bruce. Ian's early affiliations, like those of his family, were serving Edward I (until Robert Bruce became King of Scots). His grant of Ardnamurchan likely came from his brother, Angus Og, as it was one of the lands granted to Angus Og by Robert I. The MacDonalds of Ardnamurchan became known as the MacIains.
15th century
[edit]Alexander MacDonald, the third chief of the MacIains, is believed to have been killed during the Battle of Harlaw in 1411. Alexander's son John led the clan at the Battle of Inverlochy (1431). After this he was awarded lands on the isles of Islay and Jura by Alexander Macdonald, Lord of the Isles.
The MacIains supported the MacDonald Lordship of the Isles until, in 1493, the fourth and last Lord of the Isles forfeited his title to King James IV. By 1494 the king had garrisoned and provisioned Dunaverty Castle. It is said that the MacDonalds led by Sir John MacDonald, whom the king had recently knighted, retook the castle before the king had even departed to Stirling, and that the dead body of the king's castle governor was hung over the castle walls in sight of the king and his departing entourage. Sir John Macdonald however was later captured by MacDonald (or MacIain) of Ardnamurchan. He was tried and hung on the Burgh Muir.
In 1497 Sir Alexander MacDonald of Lochalsh rebelled against the king and invaded the lands of Ross-shire, where he was defeated at the Battle of Drumchatt by the Clan Mackenzie.[4] Alexander MacDonald of Lochalsh escaped southwards amongst the Isles until he was caught on the Isle of Oronsay and put to death by MacIain of Ardnamurchan.[4]
16th century
[edit]In 1515 MacIain of Ardnamurchan's Mingarry Castle was besieged by the Clan MacDonald of Lochalsh and again two years later when they finally took the castle.
Other treacherous deeds against MacDonald of Lochalsh and treachery which led to the execution of the chief of the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg and his son eventually led to the death of John MacIain at the hands of his avenging kinsmen in 1518.
The 8th chief of the MacDonalds or MacIains of Ardnamurchan led his clan in support of the Clan Macdonald of Clanranald against the Clan Fraser of Lovat in the Battle of the Shirts (Blàr na Léine in Scottish Gaelic) in 1544. It is said that only eight MacDonalds and five Frasers survived.
In the following year (1596) a renewal of the feud with Maclean was brought about by an unfortunate incident which resulted in the death of John Og MacIain, it appears, had been betrothed to Lochiel's daughter. His uncle Donald and he had not been on amicable terms for some time past owing to differences which had arisen between them regarding the possession of Sunart, to which Donald laid claim. Donald was, besides, presumptive heir to his nephew, and would, therefore, in the event of the latter dying without issue, succeed him as head of the family of Ardnamurchan. While preparations were being made for the celebration of the marriage of the young chieftain, and as he was returning from a visit to Lochiel, accompanied by a small retinue, he was attacked and slain by his uncle, who was lying in wait for him at a place in Ardnamurchan called ever since Faoghail Dhomnuill Chonulluich (Donald Macdonald's Ford). On hearing of Maclain's death, Alan Cameron of Lochiel vowed vengeance on the murderer, who immediately after committing the crime took refuge in Mull, and put himself under the protection of Lachlan Mor of Duart. Donald Maclain had no difficulty in persuading Lachlan Mor to help him against the Camerons and the adherents of the late chieftain. Lochiel had already pursued him to the Sound of Mull. Lachlan Mor accordingly collected a force of 220 men, and sent his eldest son, Hector, and Donald Maclain, at their head to the mainland. The Camerons and the Maclains met them in Morvern at a place in Black Glen ever since called Leac-nan-Saighead (Rock of the Arrows), where a bloody conflict resulted in the total defeat of the Macleans, and the death of Donald Maclain. The local traditional account of the death of Donald Maclain is to the effect that one of the Clan Cameron, observing him "uplifting his helmet, instantly bent his bow, took aim, and drove his arrow into Maclain's head, pinioning his hand, which at that time was passing over his forehead, to his skull. He fell, but for a moment regaining his strength he arose and expressed a desire, it is feared a treacherous one, to deliver his sword to Lochiel. But the last spark of life was fast expiring. He clenched the huge weapon, and, in the ire of death, transfixed it to the hilt in the opposite bank, and fell on it to rise no more." [5]
17th century to present
[edit]By 1618 the MacDonalds or MacIains of Ardnamurchan had lost their lands through duplicity of the Clan Campbell. The fortunes of the clan declined and they were forced to go elsewhere. Many settled in Moidart under the Clan Macdonald of Clanranald whilst others migrated east to Badenoch, and others found new homes in the Scottish Lowlands. Many MacIains settled in Northern Ireland during the Ulster Plantations, with many of these travelling to the Americas. Later in the 1800s, MacIains commonly settled in Australia and New Zealand. Many MacIain derivatives like "McKain" and "McKean", can also be plentifully found all over Scotland in Birth and Marriage records from the 1600s to the present. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in clan MacIain identity, especially in the diaspora residing in the United States. Although scattered, clan MacIain still has many thousands of descendants worldwide.[6]
Castles
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- Mingary Castle, located to the east of Kilchoan, on the Ardnamurchan peninsula, dates from the thirteenth century and was probably originally built by the clan MacDougall. The land of Ardnamurchan was given to the MacDonalds for their service in the armies of Robert the Bruce. Mingary was the residence of the MacIain chiefs and stronghold of the clan. Legend says that a remnant of the Spanish Armada helped the rival Clan MacLean to besiege the castle of their old enemies in 1588. The MacLeans saw an opportunity and agreed to help the Spanish captain if he would help them attack their old enemies, the MacIains of Mingary. The Spanish captain had little choice but to agree, and together the Spanish and the MacLeans sailed across the Sound of Mull and attacked Mingary. The attack failed, but even today the small inlet below the castle is known as Port nan Spainteach, or Port of the Spaniards.[7]
- Dunyvaig Castle, on the Isle of Islay, Argyll was originally held by the MacDonalds but was given to the MacIains of Ardnamurchan at the end of the fifteenth century.[1] The property was later leased back to the MacDonalds and then passed to the Campbells.[1]
Clan Septs
[edit]Septs of Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan include the following. Other branches of the Clan MacDonald have different septs. These surnames are all anglicized forms of the gaelic "MacIain", meaning "Son of John".
- Johnston (Isle of Coll)
- Johnson
- Kean
- Keene
- MacKean
- MacEan
- MacKain
- MacIan
- MacIain
- MacKane
- MacKeand
- MacCain [8]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Coventry, Martin (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. Musselburgh: Goblinshead. p. 374. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1.
- ^ The Family Tree of the Lords of the Isles - Finlaggan Trust finlaggan.com. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ^ Dwely, Edward. (1902). Faclair Gàidhlìg air son nan sgoiltean : le dealbhan, agus a h-uile facal anns na faclairean Gàidhlig Uile (A Gaelic dictionary specially designed for beginners and for use in schools). Volume 3. p. 1017.
- ^ a b Gregory, Donald. (1836). History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland from A.D. 1493 to A.D. 1625. p. 92.
- ^ MacDonald, D. J. (2008). Clan Donald. Pelican Publishing.
- ^ "Belonging to Ardnamurchan Clan MacIain". 29 March 2014.
- ^ "Mingary Castle & Clan MacIain – Heritage Ardnamurchan".
- ^ "Names and Families of Clan Donald".
8. MacDonald, D. J. (2008). Clan Donald. Pelican Publishing.