Castellón de la Plana: Difference between revisions

| name = CastellóCastellón de la Plana

| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]

| official_name =

| native_name = {{native name|ca-valenciaes|Castelló'''Castellón de la Plana'''}} <br /> {{native name|esca-valencia|Castellón'''Castelló de la Plana'''}}

| native_name_lang =

| image_skyline = {{Multiple image

| image1 = Plaça de la Independència o de la Farola, amb la Casa Alcon i casa de les Cigonyes, Castelló de la Plana..JPG{{!}}PlazaPlaça de la independencia.

| caption1 = PlaçaPlaza de la Independènciaindependencia

| image2 = Castellón 7.JPG{{!}}PlazaPlaça MayorMajor.

| caption2 = PlaçaPlaza MajorMayor

| image3 = Castellon-concatedral-050422.jpg{{!}}Fadrí yi ConcatedralCo-catedral.

| image4 = Auditorio castellon15.JPG{{!}}AuditorioAuditori yi PalacioPalau de CongresosCongressos.

| image5 = Quiosc modernista de la plaça de la Pau, Castelló de la Plana.jpg{{!}}QuioscoQuiosc modernista de la plazaplaça de la PazPau.

| image_alt = =

| image_caption =

| image_flag = Bandera de Castelló de la Plana-2.svg

| image_shield = EscutCoat of Arms deof CastellóCastellón ornamentat-2City.svg

| nickname = =

| motto = =

| map_caption = Location of CastellóCastellón de la Plana

| subdivision_type2subdivision_type1 = [[ProvincesAutonomous communities of Spain|ProvinceAutonomous community]]

| subdivision_name2subdivision_name1 = [[Province ofValencian CastellóCommunity]]

| subdivision_type3subdivision_type2 = [[ComarcasProvinces of Spain|ComarcaProvince]]

| subdivision_type4subdivision_type3 = [[Judicial districtsComarcas of Spain|Judicial districtComarca]]

| subdivision_name4subdivision_name3 = Castelló de la = [[Plana Alta]]

| seatsubdivision_name4 = Castellón de la = Plana

| elevation_min_m coordinates_footnotes = 0

| elevation_max_melevation_m = 60930

| area_footnoteselevation_min_m = 0

| area_total_km2elevation_max_m = 108.78609

| established_datearea_total_km2 = 108.78

| population_notepopulation_total = 171,857

| timezone blank_name_sec1 = [[CentralLanguages Europeanof TimeSpain|CETOfficial language(s)]]

| timezone_DSTtimezone = [[Central European Summer Time|CESTCET]]

| utc_offset_DSTutc_offset = +21

| postal_codeutc_offset_DST = 12001-06+2

| area_code_typepostal_code_type = [[TelephoneList of postal numberscodes in Spain|DialingPostal code]]

| area_codepostal_code = 96412001-06

| leader_titlearea_code_type = [[AlcaldesaTelephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]

| leader_namearea_code = Begoña Carrasco (2023) = 964

| leader_partyleader_title = [[People's Party (Spain)|PPAlcaldesa]]

| moduleblank_info_sec2 = [[Semi-arid = climate|BSh]]

[[File:Castellon-plaza mayor-DavidDaguerro.jpg|thumb|PlaçaPlaza Major.Mayor]]

'''CastellóCastellón de la Plana'''<ref>[http://www.dogv.gva.{{efn|{{IPA|es/datos/2019/03/23/pdf/2019_2901.pdf Decret 40/2019, de 22 de març, del Consell, d'aprovació del canvi de denominació del municipi de Castelló|kasteˈʎon de la Plana/Castellón de la Plana per la forma exclusiva en valencià Castelló de la Plana] Generalitat Valenciana</ref> [<nowiki/>[[International Phonetic Alphabetˈplana|kasteˈʎo ðe la ˈplana]]]lang}}}} ([[Spanishin language{{langx|ca-valencia|Spanish]]: ''Castellón'Castelló de la Plana'' [<nowiki/>[[International Phonetic Alphabet'}}),{{efn|{{IPA|kasteˈʎonca-valencia|kasteˈʎo deðe la ˈplana]]]),|lang}}}} or simply '''CastellóCastellón''' (Spanish: {{langx|ca-valencia|''Castellón'Castelló'''|link=no}}), is the capital city of the [[province of Castellón|province of Castelló]], in the [[Valencian Community]], [[Spain]]. It is located in the east of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], on the [[Costa del Azahar]] (or ''Costa dels Tarongers'') by the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The mountain range known as [[Desert de les Palmes]] rises inland north of the town.

According to the 2018 census, CastellóCastellón has a population of 174,264 inhabitants (called ''castellonenses'' in Spanish and ''castellonencs'' in Valencian), ranking as the fourth most populated city in the Valencian Community (after [[Valencia]], [[Alicante|Alacant]] and [[Elche|Elx]]). The [[Prime Meridian]], or Greenwich Meridian, intersects the 40th parallel at CastellóCastellón de la Plana and is commemorated with a monolith in Meridian Park (''Parc del Meridià'') located at the exact point where this occurs.

The town inherited the name from a Moorish castle on the top of the hill of Magdalena (the {{ill|Castle of Fadrell|es|Castillo de Fadrell}}), a {{ill|Ḥiṣn|es|lt=''ḥiṣn''}} dominating over a demarcation roughly consisting of the current-day municipalities of CastellóCastellón and [[Almassora]].{{Sfn|Rabassa Vaquer|2008|p=9}} The area capitulated to [[James I of Aragon]] in 1233.{{Sfn|Rabassa Vaquer|2008|p=10}} This was followed by a series of attempts to create new settlements in the area starting with the ''[[alqueria]]'' of Benimahomet, the first Christian project to leave the castle, with mixed results.{{Sfn|Rabassa Vaquer|2008|p=10}} Following the 1247 mudéjar revolt, James I decreed the expulsion of the ''[[mudéjar]]es'' from the area in 1248.{{Sfn|Rabassa Vaquer|2008|p=11}} The current settlement was however not founded until the 1250s, after James I, on 8 September 1251, granted Ximén Pérez d'Arenós a privilege authorising him to move from the castle to a new unspecified place in the plains (''plana'').{{Sfn|Rabassa Vaquer|2008|pp=10–11}} Tradition claims that the move was completed by the third Sunday of [[Lent]], 1252.

During the [[Middle Ages]], the city was protected by [[moat]]s, walls and [[tower]]s, and a church was built, later becoming a cathedral. Due to its geographic proximity to Valencia, the city prospered as a port. During the late medieval period, many members of the community participated in maritime trade, or in industries supporting the merchant community.<ref>Igual Luis, David. “Great and small Trade in the Crown of Aragon. The example of Valencia in the Late Middle Ages”. ''Imago temporis: medium Aevum'', no. 3, pp. 231-48, doi:10.21001/imagotemporis.vi3.208809.</ref>

== Geography and Climateclimate ==

CastellóCastellón de la Plana has a [[Semisemi-arid climate|hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen Climate Classification|Köppen]]: ''[[Semi-arid climate|BSk]]BSh'')<ref name="weatherbase">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=68280&cityname=Castell%F3n+de+la+Plana%2C+Valencia%2C+Spain&units= |title= Climate Summary for Castellón de la Plana |publisher=weatherbase.com|access-date=19 November 2015}}</ref> with mild winters and hot, dry, muggy summers with high [[humidity]] levels. Autumn is the wettest season and the average sunshine hours are around 2,800 per year. Annual rainfall reaches 435&nbsp;mm, with significant changes throughout the year, with very marked minimums in summer and maximums in the autumn months due to the effect of the meteorological phenomenon of the [[cold drop]], with a secondary maximum in spring.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hidrologiasostenible.com/como-funciona-la-gota-fria-que-sacude-al-mediterraneo/|title=How the cold drop that shakes the Mediterranean works|language=es|publisher=hidrologiasostenible.com|access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref>

| location = CastellóCastellón de la Plana, Almazora 43m (1981–20101991–2020), extremes (1940–1976–present)

|metric widthfirst = 70%yes

|single metric firstline = yes

|Jan singlerecord linehigh C = yes28.0

| JanFeb record high C = 28.08

| FebMar record high C = 2830.8

| MarApr record high C = 30.26

| AprMay record high C = 3035.60

| MayJun record high C = 3538.08

| JunJul record high C = 3740.46

| JulAug record high C = 4039.64

| AugSep record high C = 3936.40

| SepOct record high C = 3633.04

| OctNov record high C = 3329.40

| NovDec record high C = 2925.04

| Decyear record high C = 25.4

| year recordJan high C = 4015.6

| JanFeb high C = 1516.34

| FebMar high C = 1618.27

| MarApr high C = 1821.50

| AprMay high C = 2024.51

| MayJun high C = 2327.49

| JunJul high C = 2730.34

| JulAug high C = 30.07

| AugSep high C = 3027.38

| SepOct high C = 2723.69

| OctNov high C = 2319.51

| NovDec high C = 1816.81

| Decyear high C = 15.8

|Jan year highmean C = 2211.30

| JanFeb mean C = 1011.67

| FebMar mean C = 1113.38

| MarApr mean C = 1316.40

| AprMay mean C = 1519.43

| MayJun mean C = 1823.51

| JunJul mean C = 2225.58

| JulAug mean C = 2526.32

| AugSep mean C = 2523.62

| SepOct mean C = 2219.94

| OctNov mean C = 1914.07

| NovDec mean C = 1411.38

| Decyear mean C = 11.4

|Jan year meanlow C = 176.54

| JanFeb low C = 56.89

| FebMar low C = 68.49

| MarApr low C = 811.30

| AprMay low C = 1014.34

| MayJun low C = 1318.63

| JunJul low C = 1721.62

| JulAug low C = 2021.6

| AugSep low C = 2018.96

| SepOct low C = 1815.10

| OctNov low C = 1410.42

| NovDec low C = 97.85

| Decyear low C = 7.0

|Jan yearrecord low C = 12-4.74

| JanFeb record low C = -42.42

| FebMar record low C = -20.24

| MarApr record low C = 02.48

| AprMay record low C = 5.2.8

| MayJun record low C = 510.2

| JunJul record low C = 1012.20

| JulAug record low C = 12.02

| AugSep record low C = 129.28

| SepOct record low C = 95.84

| OctNov record low C = 5-1.48

| NovDec record low C = -10.86

| Decyear record low C = -0.6

| JanFeb precipitation mm = 3626

| FebMar precipitation mm = 3145

| MarApr precipitation mm = 3134

| AprMay precipitation mm = 4236

| MayJun precipitation mm = 4419

| JunJul precipitation mm = 1910

| JulAug precipitation mm = 920

| AugSep precipitation mm = 2460

| SepOct precipitation mm = 7154

| OctNov precipitation mm = 7053

| NovDec precipitation mm = 4940

| Decyear precipitation mm = 42

| year precipitation mmcolor = 467green

| Jan precipitation days = 43.6

| Feb precipitation days = 43.1

| Mar precipitation days = 3.7

| Apr precipitation days = 54.2

| May precipitation days = 54.3

| Jun precipitation days = 32.6

| Jul precipitation days = 1.7

| Aug precipitation days = 2.5

| Sep precipitation days = 54.8

| Oct precipitation days = 54.4

| Nov precipitation days = 4.1

| Dec precipitation days = 4.0

| year precipitation days = 46

| unit precipitation days = 1&nbsp;mm

| Jan humidity = 6764

| Feb humidity = 6662

| Mar humidity = 6462

| Apr humidity = 6360

| May humidity = 6360

| Jun humidity = 6359

| Jul humidity = 6461

| Aug humidity = 6664

| Sep humidity = 6865

| Oct humidity = 6967

| Nov humidity = 6864

| Dec humidity = 6866

| year humidity = 66

| Jan sun = 180183

| Feb sun = 179192

| Mar sun = 209226

| Apr sun = 235252

| May sun = 272291

| Jun sun = 296318

| Jul sun = 329341

| Aug sun = 290301

| Sep sun = 229240

| Oct sun = 203217

| Nov sun = 173183

| Dec sun = 164170

| year sun = 2755

|Jun sourcepercentsun = 71

* The ''[[Concatedral de Santa Maria, Castelló|Concatedral de Santa Maria]]'' (co-cathedral of Saint Mary), built in a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-style in the 13th century and reconstructed one century later after destruction by fire. The present building is another reconstruction after the demolition ordered by the council during the Spanish civil war (1936).<ref>[http://www.memoriarepublicana.com/Persecrelig/monumvalencia.html]. Obras religiosas destruidas durante la guerra civil (spanishSpanish)</ref>

*[[File:Planetario de Castellón de la Plana.JPG|thumb|PlanetariPlanetario de CastellóCastellón]]The free-standing bell-tower of the procathedral, known as ''[[El Fadrí]]'' (the single man), built in the 15th century.

* The ''Llotja del Cànem'' ([[Hemp]] Exchange Market), built during the first half of the 17th century to be used by traders in hempen cloth and ropes, a very important activity in the area at the time. Today the building is used by the Universityuniversity for cultural events and temporary exhibitions.

The local professional [[Association football|football]] club is [[CD Castellón]], which currently plays in the [[PrimeraSegunda RFEFdivisión]] (Spanish thirdsecond division). It holds home games at [[Nou Estadi Castàlia]], which has a capacity of 15,500 seats. Despite its stadium and social support, the club financial problems and unstable history brought it to play in semi-pro and amateur regional divisions, not playing in La Liga since the 1990–91 season. On 21 March 2018, Castellón beat the record of seasonal tickets in the fourth-tier division with 12,701, and is considered a giant amongst minnows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdcastellon.com/el-cd-castellon-hace-historia-al-superar-el-record-de-abonados-en-tercera-division/|title=El CD Castellón hace historia al superar el récord de abonados en Tercera División|date=21 March 2018|access-date=21 March 2018|language=es}}</ref> The presence of [[Villarreal CF]] in the adjacent town (only 8&nbsp;km away) has created a fierce rivalry for geographical reasons, especially due to the success of Villarreal in the last decades.

[[File:Ayuntamiento de Castellón de la Plana, Castellón.JPG|thumb|AjuntamentAyuntamiento de CastellóCastellón de la Plana]]

[[File:Teatro Principal (Castellón de la Plana).JPG|thumb|TeatreTeatro Principal (CastellóCastellón de la Plana)]]

The small [[Castellón Airport|Castelló Airport]] offers charter and general aviation services, as well as scheduled passenger services to London, Bucharest and Poznań. The new [[Castellón-Costa Azahar Airport|Castelló-Costa Azahar Airport]] is designed to support large international jet flights and was completed in 2011. It has become a symbol of the wasteful spending prior to the [[2008–13 Spanish financial crisis]]. [[Valencia Airport]] is about {{convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} south whilst [[Alicante Airport]] is another 185&nbsp;km (115&nbsp;mi) further down the coast.

The city is served by the [[Castellón de la Plana railway station|Castelló de la Plana railway station]]. The [[Euromed (train)|Euromed railway line]] links [[Alicante railway station|Alicante]] to [[Barcelona Sants railway station|Barcelona]].

Nowadays, the city has a new public transport called [[TRAM of Castellón|TRAM of Castelló]] which is a trolleybus. There is just one line, [[Línia 1 (TRAM of Castellón)|Línia 1 (TRAM of Castelló)]], but authorities are planning to build a second line.

{{wikivoyage|CastellóCastellón}}

|title=Articles related to Castellón de la Plana / Castelló de la Plana