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List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize

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Clockwise from top left: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Rosalind Franklin, Emmeline Pankhurst and Virginia Woolf were among the influential 20th-century women who largely contributed in their fields but were never considered for the Nobel Prizes.

The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a set of five different prizes that, according to its benefactor Alfred Nobel, in his 1895 will, must be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". The five prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.[1]

As of 2023, 65 Nobel Prizes and the Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to 64 women[2] and since 1901, the year wherein the awarding of the prizes began, hundreds of women have already been nominated and shortlisted carefully in each field.[3][4]

The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.[5][6] Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.[5] Of the currently revealed female nominees both in physics and chemistry, the notable scientists Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Astrid Cleve, Harriet Brooks, Alice Ball, Mileva Marić, Inge Lehmann, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Leona Woods and Helen Parsons were not included.

In 1912, Mary Edwards Walker became the first ever woman nominated for prize in physiology or medicine but her nomination was later declared invalid by the Nobel Committee because her nominator was not invited to nominate that year.[7] Hence, Cécile Vogt-Mugnier, nominated first in 1922, became the official first female nominee but never won despite numerous recommendations.[3] She was followed by Maud Slye who was nominated in the year 1923, but again never won. Only in 1947, that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was finally awarded to a woman, Gerty Cori, sharing with her husband Carl Ferdinand Cori.[8] Of the currently revealed female nominees, the physiologists Nettie Stevens, Frieda Robscheit-Robbins, Rosalind Franklin, Miriam Michael Stimson, Louise Pearce, Virginia Apgar, Hattie Alexander and Alice Catherine Evans were not included.

The most number of female nominees was in the field of literature. The first woman to be nominated was the German memoirist Malwida von Meysenbug for the year 1901.[3] She was nominated by the French historian Gabriel Monod but unfortunately did not win the prize.[9] Her nomination was followed by Émilie Lerou and Selma Lagerlöf for the year 1904. Lagerlöf would later on become the first woman to win the prize in the year 1909.[10] Of the 77 currently revealed female nominees for the literature category, the celebrated authors Kate Chopin, Delmira Agustini, Edith Nesbit, Alfonsina Storni, Marina Tsvetaeva, Virginia Woolf, Simone Weil, Gertrude Stein, Willa Cather, Emma Orczy, Zora Neale Hurston, Edith Hamilton, Flannery O'Connor, Fannie Hurst, Clarice Lispector, Hannah Arendt and Agatha Christie were not included.[11][12][13]

The first women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize were Belva Ann Lockwood and Bertha von Suttner, who would eventually be awarded in 1905.[3] The latter was considered for authoring Lay Down Your Arms! and contributing to the creation of the Prize.[14] Of the 57 currently revealed female nominees, the famous Susan B. Anthony, Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Harriet Tubman, Mary Harris Jones, Olive Schreiner, Aletta Jacobs, Emmeline Pankhurst, Ida B. Wells, Käthe Kollwitz, Muriel Lester, Katharine Drexel, Helene Schweitzer, Marie Stopes, Vera Brittain, Ava Helen Pauling, Golda Meir, Rachel Carson and Rosa Parks were not included.[15][16]

Physics

[edit]

Starting from 1902 to 1970, 11 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physics and three of the nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1902
Marie Skłodowska Curie 7 November 1867
Warsaw, Congress of Poland, Russian Empire[a] 		4 July 1934
Passy, Haute-Savoie, French Third Republic[b] 		1902, 1903 Awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Henri Becquerel and husband Pierre Curie and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[17]
1935
Irène Joliot-Curie 12 September 1897
Paris, French Third Republic[b] 		17 March 1956
Paris, French Fourth Republic[b] 		1934, 1935 Awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Frédéric Joliot-Curie.[18]
1937
Lise Meitner 7 November 1878
Vienna, Austria-Hungary[c] 		27 October 1968
Cambridge, United Kingdom 		1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.[19]
1950
Marietta Blau 29 April 1894
Vienna, Austria-Hungary[c] 		27 January 1970
Vienna, Austria 		1950, 1956, 1957 Nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry too.[20]
Hertha Wambacher[d] 9 March 1903
Vienna, Austria-Hungary[c] 		25 March 1950
Vienna, Austria 		1950 Nominated jointly with Marietta Blau the only time by Erwin Schrödinger.[21]
1955
Maria Goeppert-Mayer 28 June 1906
Katowice, Prussia, German Empire[a] 		2 February 1972
San Diego, California, United States 		1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963 Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen.[22]
1956
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 12 May 1910
Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt[e] 		29 July 1994
Ilmington, England, United Kingdom 		1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 Awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[23]
1958
Chien-Shiung Wu 31 May 1912
Liuhe, Taicang, Republic of China (1912-1949)[f] 		16 February 1997
New York City, New York, United States 		1958, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965 [24]
1964
Margaret Peachey Burbidge 12 August 1919
Stockport, England, United Kingdom[g] 		5 April 2020
San Francisco, California, United States 		1964 Nominated jointly with William Alfred Fowler and Fred Hoyle the only time by Harold Urey.[25]
1970
Jocelyn Bell Burnell 15 July 1943
Lurgan, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 		— 1970[h] [26][i]
Janine Roux-Connes 19 May 1926
Paris, French Third Republic[b] 		28 November 2024
Orsay, France 		1970 Nominated jointly with Pierre Connes and Robert B. Leighton the only time by Rupert Wildt.[27]
1971–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee
Others[j]
2018
Donna Strickland 27 May 1959
Guelph, Ontario, Canada 		— 2018 Awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gérard Mourou and Arthur Ashkin.
2020
Andrea Mia Ghez 16 June 1965
New York City, New York, United States 		— 2020 Awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics with Reinhard Genzel and Roger Penrose.
2023
Anne L'Huillier 16 August 1958
Paris, French Fourth Republic[b] 		— 2023 Awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics with Ferenc Krausz and Pierre Agostini.

Chemistry

[edit]

Starting 1911 to 1970, 15 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and 3 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1911
Marie Skłodowska Curie 7 November 1867
Warsaw, Congress of Poland, Russian Empire[a] 		4 July 1934
Passy, Haute-Savoie, French Third Republic[b] 		1911 Awarded the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.[17]
1924
Lise Meitner 7 November 1878
Vienna, Austria-Hungary[c] 		27 October 1968
Cambridge, United Kingdom 		1924, 1925, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1948 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[19]
1933
Ida Tacke Noddack 25 February 1896
Wesel, Prussia, German Empire[k] 		24 September 1978
Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany[k] 		1933, 1935, 1937 Nominated jointly with Walter Noddack only.[28]
1935
Irène Joliot-Curie 12 September 1897
Paris, French Third Republic[b] 		17 March 1956
Paris, French Fourth Republic[b] 		1935 Awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Frédéric Joliot and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[18]
1939
Dorothy Maud Wrinch 12 September 1894
Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina 		11 February 1976
Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States 		1939 [18]
1950
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 12 May 1910
Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt[e] 		29 July 1994
Ilmington, England, United Kingdom 		1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 Awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[23]
Thérèse Boyer Tréfouël 19 June 1892
Paris, French Third Republic[b] 		9 November 1978
Paris, France 		1950 Nominated the only time jointly with Jacques Tréfouël and Gladwyn Buttle.[29]
1952
Marguerite Perey 19 October 1909
Villemomble, Seine-Saint-Denis, French Third Republic[b] 		13 May 1975
Louveciennes, Yvelines, France 		1952, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1966 [30]
1956
Joan Folkes 1927
Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom 		? 1956 Nominated jointly with Ernest Gale the only time by John Howard Northrop.[31]
1957
Marietta Blau 29 April 1894
Vienna, Austria-Hungary[c] 		27 January 1970
Vienna, Austria 		1957 Nominated for Nobel Prize in Physics too.[20]
1958
Maria Goeppert-Mayer 28 June 1906
Katowice, Prussia, German Empire[a] 		2 February 1972
San Diego, California, United States 		1958 Awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics.[20]
1960
Martha Cowles Chase 30 November 1927
Cleveland Heights, Ohio, United States 		8 August 2003
Lorain, Ohio, United States 		1960 Nominated jointly with Alfred Hershey, Alfred Gierer, Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Gerhard Schramm the only time by John Howard Northrop.[32]
1963
Alberte Bucher-Pullman 26 August 1920
Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, French Third Republic[b] 		7 January 2011
Paris, France 		1963, 1965 Nominated jointly with Bernard Pullman each time.[33]
1967
Mary Belle Allen 11, November 1922
Morristown, New Jersey, United States 		1973
Fairbanks, Alaska, United States 		1967 Nominated jointly with Daniel I. Arnon and Frederick Whatley the only time by John Howard Northrop.[34]
1968
Erika Cremer 20 May 1900
Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire[k] 		21 September 1996
Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria 		1968 Nominated the only time by Franz Patat.[35]
1971–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee
Others[j]
1995
Johanna Döbereiner 28 November 1924
Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia[l] 		5 October 2000
Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 		1995, 1997 [36][37]
2009
Ada Yonath 22 June 1939
Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine[m] 		— 2009 Awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz.
2016
Svetlana Zaginaichenko 10 August 1957
Kyiv, Ukraine SSR, Soviet Union[n] 		23 November 2015
Dnipro, Ukraine 		2016 [38]
2018
Frances Arnold 25 July 1956
Edgewood, Pennsylvania, United States 		— 2018 Award the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with George P. Smith and Gregory Winter.
2020
Emmanuelle Charpentier 11 December 1968
Juvisy-sur-Orge, Essonne, France 		— 2020 Awarded jointly the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Jennifer Doudna 19 February 1964
Washington, D.C., United States 		— 2020
2022
Carolyn Bertozzi 10 October 1966
Boston, Massachusetts, United States 		— 2022 Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Morten Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless.

Physiology or Medicine

[edit]

Starting from 1922 to 1953, 15 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine wherein one was declared invalid, one was purportedly recommended and one was subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1912
Mary Edwards Walker[o] 26 November 1832
Oswego, New York, United States 		21 February 1919
Oswego, New York, United States 		1912[p] Nominated the only time by A. S. Helton.[7]
1922
Cécile Vogt-Mugnier[q] 27 March 1875
Annecy, Haute-Savoie, French Third Republic[b] 		4 May 1962
Cambridge, United Kingdom 		1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1950, 1951, 1953 Nominated jointly with Oskar Vogt each time.[39]
1923
Maud Caroline Slye[r] 8 February 1879
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States 		17 September 1954
Chicago, Illinois, United States 		1923 Nominated the only time by Albert Soiland.[40]
1925
Gladys Rowena Henry Dick[s] 18 December 1881
Pawnee City, Nebraska, United States 		21 August 1963
Palo Alto, California, United States 		1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1935 Nominated jointly with George Frederick Dick each time.[41]
1930
Alice Bernheim[t] 28 September 1878
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States 		14 July 1968
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States 		1930 Nominated the only time by William Cogswell Clarke.[42]
1939
May Tweedy Mellanby[u] 9 September 1882
London, United Kingdom[g] 		5 March 1978
London, United Kingdom 		1939 Nominated jointly with Edward Mellanby each time.[43]
Susan Gower Smith[v] 9 December 1897
Greenville, South Carolina, United States 		3 October 1983
Durham, North Carolina, United States 		1939 Nominated jointly with David Tillerson Smith and Julian Ruffin the only time by Osvaldo Polimanti.[44]
1940
Olive Watkins Smith[w] 29 April 1901
Worcester, Massachusetts, United States 		1983
Brookline, Massachusetts, United States 		1940[x] Nominated jointly with George Van Siclen Smith the only time by Frank Arthur Pemberton.[45]
1941
Sona Valikhan [Vəlixan][y] 19 June 1883
Kharkiv, Russian Empire[n] 		4 April 1982
Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union[z] 		1941[x] Nominated by the Azerbaijan Medical Institute.[aa]
1946
Gerty Theresa Radnitz-Cori[ab] 15 August 1896
Prague, Austria-Hungary[l] 		25 October 1957
Glendale, Missouri, United States 		1946, 1947 Awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay.[47]
Militsa Nikolaeva Lyubimova-Engelhardt[ac] 26 December 1898
Kazan, Tatarstan, Russian Empire[ad] 		22 December 1975
Moscow, Russia SFSR, Soviet Union[ad] 		1946 Nominated jointly with Vladimir Engelgardt the only time by Leon Orbeli.[48]
1947
Helen Brooke Taussig[ae] 24 May 1898
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States 		20 May 1986
Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States 		1947, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 [49]
1951
Miriam Friedman Menkin[af] 8 August 1901
Riga, Russian Empire[ag] 		8 June 1992
Boston, Massachusetts, United States 		1951 Nominated jointly with John Rock and Roger Alfred Auguste Vendrely the only time by Bożydar Szabuniewicz.[50]
Madge Thurlow Macklin[ah] 6 February 1893
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States 		4 March 1962
Columbus, Ohio, United States 		1951 Nominated the only time by Charles Clifford Macklin.[51]
1952
Elizabeth Bugie Gregory[ai] 5 October 1920
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States 		10 April 2001
New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States 		1952 Nominated jointly with Selman Waksman and Albert Schatz the only time by Jevrem Nedelkovitch.[52]
1954–1972
should be revealed by Nobel Committee
Others[j]
1977
Rosalyn Yalow 19 July 1921
New York City, New York, United States 		30 May 2011
The Bronx, New York, United States 		1977 Award the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew V. Schally and Roger Guillemin.
1979
Johanna Budwig 30 September 1908
Essen, Prussia, German Empire[k] 		19 May 2003
Freudenstadt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany 		1979 [53][54]
1983
Barbara McClintock 16 June 1902
Hartford, Connecticut, United States 		2 September 1992
Huntington, New York, United States 		1983 Awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
1986
Rita Levi-Montalcini 22 April 1909
Turin, Kingdom of Italy[aj] 		30 December 2012
Rome, Italy 		1986 Awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Stanley Cohen.
1988
Gertrude Belle Elion 23 January 1918
New York City, New York, United States 		21 February 1999
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States 		1988 Awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with James W. Black and George H. Hitchings.
1995
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard 20 October 1942
Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Nazi Germany[k] 		— 1995 Awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward B. Lewis and Eric F. Wieschaus.
1997
Lida Holmes Mattman 31 July 1912
Denver, Colorado, United States 		6 August 2008
Essexville, Michigan, United States 		1997 [55]
2004
Linda Buck 29 January 1947
Seattle, Washington, United States 		— 2004 Awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard Axel.
2008
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi 30 July 1947
Paris, French Fourth Republic[b] 		— 2008 Awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Luc Montagnier and Harald zur Hausen.
2009
Elizabeth Blackburn 26 November 1948
Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 		— 2009 Awarded jointly the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Jack W. Szostak.
Carolyn Greider 15 April 1961
San Diego, California, United States 		— 2009
2014
May-Britt Moser 4 January 1963
Fosnavåg, Norway 		— 2014 Awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edvard I. Moser and John O'Keefe.
2015
Tú Yōuyōu 30 December 1930
Ningbo, Zhejiang, Republic of China[f] 		— 2015 Awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura.
2020
Huda Zoghbi 20 June 1954
Beirut, Lebanon 		— 2020 [56]
2021
Özlem Türeci Şahin 6 March 1967
Siegen, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany[k] 		— 2021 [57]
2023
Katalin Karikó 17 January 1955 Szolnok, Hungarian People's Republic[ak] — 2023 Awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Drew Weissman.

Literature

[edit]

From 1901 to 1972, 77 women have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and 8 of these nominees were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1901
Malwida von Meysenbug 28 October 1816
Kassel, Prussia, German Empire[k] 		23 April 1903
Rome, Kingdom of Italy[aj] 		1901 Nominated the only time by Gabriel Monod.[58]
1904
Selma Lagerlöf 20 November 1858
Värmland, Sweden-Norway[al] 		16 March 1940
Värmland, Sweden 		1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909 Awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Literature.[59]
Émilie Lerou 18 May 1855
Rouen, Second French Empire[b] 		11 June 1935
Paris, French Fourth Republic[b] 		1904 Nominated the only time by Jules Claretie.[60]
1905
Eliza Orzeszkowa 6 June 1841
Mil'kovshchina, Russian Empire[am] 		18 May 1910
Grodno, Russian Empire[am] 		1905 [61]
1908
Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche 10 July 1846
Lützen, Prussia, German Confederation[k] 		8 November 1935
Weimar, Nazi Germany[k] 		1908, 1916, 1917, 1923 [62]
1910
Molly Elliot Seawell 23 October 1860
Gloucester, United States 		15 November 1916
Washington, D.C., United States 		1910, 1911 Nominated by Charles W. Kent each time.[63]
Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach 13 September 1830
Troubky-Zdislavice, Austrian Empire[l] 		12 March 1916
Vienna, Austria-Hungary[c] 		1910, 1911 Nominated by Emil Reich each time.[64]
1913
Grazia Deledda Madesani 28 September 1871
Nuoro, Italy 		15 August 1936
Rome, Italy 		1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 Awarded the 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature in 1927.[65]
1914
Dora Melegari 27 June 1849
Lausanne, Switzerland 		31 July 1924
Rome, Italy 		1914, 1923 [66]
1922
Sigrid Undset Svarstad 20 May 1882
Kalundborg, Denmark 		10 June 1949
Lillehammer, Norway 		1922, 1925, 1926, 1928 Awarded the 1928 Nobel Prize in Literature.[67]
Matilde Serao Scarfoglio 7 March 1856
Patras, Greece 		25 July 1927
Naples, Italy 		1922, 1923, 1924, 1925 [68]
1926
Sofía Casanova Lutosławski 30 September 1861
A Coruña, Spain 		16 January 1958
Poznań, Poland 		1926 [69]
Ada Negri Garlanda 3 February 1870
Lodi, Italy 		11 January 1945
Milan, Italy 		1926, 1927 [70]
Concha Espina de la Serna 15 April 1869
Santander, Spain 		19 May 1955
Madrid, Spain 		1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1952, 1954 [71]
1927
Edith Jones Wharton 24 January 1862
New York City, New York, United States 		August 11, 1937
Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, Val-d'Oise, France 		1927, 1928, 1930 [72]
1928
Anna Elisabeth de Noailles 15 November 1876
Paris, France 		30 April 1933
Paris, France 		1928 Nominated the only time by Tor Hedberg.[73]
Edith Annie Howes 29 August 1872
London, England 		14 June 1954
Dunedin, New Zealand 		1928 Nominated the only time by Francis Prendeville Wilson.[74]
Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez 15 August 1956
Seville, Spain 		13 April 1956
Madrid, Spain 		1928 [75]
Ricarda Huch 18 July 1864
Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany 		17 November 1947
Kronberg, Hesse, Germany 		1928, 1935, 1937, 1946 [76]
1930
Clotilde Crespo de Arvelo 19 September 1887
Los Teques, Miranda, Venezuela 		(?) 1959
Caracas, Venezuela 		1930 Nominated the only time by Manuel María Villalobos.[77]
1931
Laura Mestre Hevia 6 April 1867
Havana, Cuba 		11 January 1944
Havana, Cuba 		1931 Nominated the only time by Juan Miguel Dihigo Mestre.[78]
Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić 18 April 1874
Ogulin, Croatia 		21 September 1928
Zagreb, Croatia 		1931, 1935, 1937, 1938 [79]
1934
Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício 19 April 1884
Lisbon, Portugal 		3 November 1947
Lisbon, Portugal 		1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947 [80]
1935
Violet Beauclerk Clifton 2 November 1883
Rome, Italy 		20 November 1961
Lytham St Annes, England, United Kingdom 		1935[x] Nominated the only time by Nevill Coghill.[81]
Elise Richter 2 March 1865
Vienna, Austria 		23 June 1943
Theresienstadt Ghetto, Terezín, Czechia 		1935[x] [82]
1936
Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti 20 January 1871
Vienna, Austria 		8 April 1955
Linz, Upper Austria, Austria 		1936 [83]
Cécile Tormay 8 October 1875
Budapest, Hungary 		2 April 1937
Gyöngyös, Hungary 		1936, 1937 [84]
1937
Maria Jotuni Tarkiainen 9 April 1880
Kuopio, Finland 		30 September 1943
Helsinki, Finland 		1937 Nominated the only time by Viljo Tarkiainen.[85]
Sally Salminen Dürhkop 25 April 1906
Vårdö, Åland, Finland 		18 July 1976
Copenhagen, Denmark 		1937, 1938, 1939 [86]
Maila Talvio Mikkola 17 October 1871
Hartola, Finland 		6 January 1951
Helsinki, Finland 		1937, 1939, 1947 [87]
1938
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck 26 June 1892
Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States 		6 March 1973
Danby, Vermont, United States 		1938 Awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature and nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[88]
Margaret Mitchell 8 November 1900
Atlanta, Georgia, United States 		16 August 1949
Atlanta, Georgia, United States 		1938 Nominated the only time by Sven Hedin.[89]
Henriette Charasson 13 February 1884
Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France 		29 May 1972
Toulouse, France 		1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1944, 1947, 1949, 1954, 1957 [90]
1939
Ethel Florence Richardson 3 January 1870
East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 		20 March 1946
Hastings, England, United Kingdom 		1939 Nominated the only time by Sten Bodvar Liljegren.[91]
Henriette Roland Holst-van der Schalk 24 December 1869
Noordwijk, South Holland, Netherlands 		21 November 1952
Amsterdam, Netherlands 		1939, 1950, 1952 [92]
Maria Szumka Dąbrowska 6 October 1889
Russów, Kalisz, Poland 		19 May 1965
Warsaw, Poland 		1939, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965 [93]
1940
Gabriela Mistral 7 April 1889
Vicuña, Chile 		10 January 1957
Hempstead, New York, United States 		1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945 Awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.[94]
1941
Ruth Comfort Mitchell Young 21 July 1882
San Francisco, California, United States 		18 February 1954
Los Gatos, California, United States 		1941[x] [95]
1943
Elisaveta Bagryana 16 April 1893
Sofia, Bulgaria 		23 March 1991
Sofia, Bulgaria 		1943, 1944, 1945, 1969 [96]
1945
Marie Under Adson 27 March 1883
Tallinn, Estonia 		25 September 1980
Stockholm, Sweden 		1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973 [97]
1948
Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette 28 January 1873
Saint-Sauveur-en-Puisaye, Yonne, France 		3 August 1954
Paris, France 		1948 Nominated the only time by Claude Farrère.[98]
Dorothy Canfield Fisher 17 February 1879
Lawrence, Kansas, United States 		9 November 1958
Arlington, Vermont, United States 		1948, 1949 Nominated by David Baumgardt each time.[99]
1950
Karen von Blixen-Finecke 17 April 1885
Rungsted, Denmark 		7 September 1962
Rungsted, Denmark 		1950, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962 [100]
Gertrud von Le Fort 11 October 1876
Minden, North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany 		1 November 1971
Oberstdorf, Bavaria, Germany 		1950, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1963 [101]
1951
María Enriqueta Camarillo de Monter 19 February 1872
Coatepec, Mexico 		13 February 1968
Mexico City, Mexico 		1951 Nominated the only time by Leavitt Olds Wright.[102]
Katharine Susannah Prichard Throssell 4 December 1883
Levuka, Fiji 		2 October 1969
Greenmount, Western Australia, Australia 		1951 [103]
1955
Edith Louisa Sitwell 7 September 1887
Scarborough, England, United Kingdom 		9 December 1964
London, United Kingdom 		1955, 1958, 1959 [104]
1956
Melpo Axioti 15 July 1905
Athens, Greece 		22 May 1973
Athens, Greece 		1956 Nominated the only time by André Bonnard.[105]
Marthe Lahovary Bibesco 28 January 1886
Bucharest, Romania 		28 November 1973
Paris, France 		1956 [106]
Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge 24 April 1900
Wells, England, United Kingdom 		1 April 1984
Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom 		1956, 1959 Nominated by Edmond Privat each time.[107]
1958
Elizabeth Bowen Cameron 7 June 1899
Dublin, Ireland 		22 February 1973
London, England, United Kingdom 		1958 Nominated the only time by Roman Jakobson.[108]
1959
Juana Fernández Morales de Ibarbourou 8 March 1892
Melo, Uruguay 		15 July 1979
Montevideo, Uruguay 		1959, 1960, 1963 [109]
María Raquel Adler ca. 1900
Argentine Sea 		28 July 1974
Bernal, Argentina 		1959, 1965 [110]
Anna Seghers 19 November 1900
Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany 		1 June 1983
East Berlin, Germany 		1959, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972 [111]
1960
Marie Noël 16 February 1883
Auxerre, Yonne, France 		23 December 1967
Auxerre, Yonne, France 		1960 Nominated the only time by Maurice Bemol.[112]
1961
Cora Sandel 20 December 1880
Oslo, Norway 		3 April 1974
Uppsala, Sweden 		1961 Nominated the only time by Harald Ofstad.[113]
Giulia Scappino Murena 1902
Ferrara, Italy 		1982
Bologna, Italy 		1961, 1962 Nominated by Alfredo Galletti each time and for the Nobel Peace Prize too.[114]
Simone Lucie de Beauvoir 9 January 1908
Paris, France 		14 April 1986
Paris, France 		1961, 1969, 1973 [115]
1963
Nelly Sachs 10 December 1891
Berlin, Germany 		12 May 1970
Stockholm, Sweden 		1963, 1964, 1965, 1966 Awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature with Shmuel Yosef Agnon.[116]
Ingeborg Bachmann 25 June 1926
Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria 		17 October 1973
Rome, Italy 		1963 Nominated the only time by Harald Patzer.[117]
Kate Roberts-Williams 13 February 1891
Rhosgadfan, Wales, United Kingdom 		4 April 1985
Denbigh, Wales, United Kingdom 		1963 Nominated the only time by Idris Foster.[118]
1964
Ina Seidel 15 September 1885
Halle (Saale), Saxony-Anhalt, Germany 		2 October 1974
Schäftlarn, Bavaria, Germany 		1964 Nominated the only time by Günther Jachmann.[119]
Judith Wright McKinney 31 May 1915
Armidale, New South Wales, Australia 		25 June 2000
Canberra, Australia 		1964, 1965, 1967 [120]
Katherine Anne Porter 15 May 1890
Indian Creek, Texas, United States 		18 September 1980
Silver Spring, Maryland, United States 		1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968 [121]
1965
Marguerite Yourcenar 8 June 1903
Brussels, Belgium 		17 December 1987
Northeast Harbor, Maine, United States 		1965 Nominated the only time by Ida-Marie Frandon.[122]
Anna Akhmatova 28 June 1889
Odesa, Ukraine 		5 March 1966
Moscow, Russia 		1965, 1966 [123]
Marie Luise Kaschnitz 31 January 1901
Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany 		10 October 1974
Rome, Italy 		1965, 1967 Nominated by the Hermann Tiemann each time.[124]
1967
Lina Kostenko 19 March 1930
Rzhyshchiv, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine 		— 1967 Nominated jointly with Pavlo Tychyna and Ivan Drach the only time by Omeljan Pritsak.[125]
1968
Marianne Moore 15 November 1887
Kirkwood, Missouri, United States 		5 February 1972
New York City, New York, United States 		1968 Nominated the only time by Erik Lindegren.[126]
Mildred Matthews Breedlove 27 May 1904
Coal Hill, Arkansas, United States 		14 August 1994
Ferron, Utah, United States 		1968 Nominated the only time by United Poets Laureate International.[127]
1969
Nathalie Sarraute 18 July 1900
Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Russia 		19 October 1999
Paris, France 		1969 Nominated the only time by Lars Gyllensten.[128]
1970
Victoria Ocampo 7 April 1890
Buenos Aires, Argentina 		27 January 1979
Béccar, Argentina 		1970 Nominated the only time by Miguel Alfredo Olivera.[129]
1972
Nadine Gordimer 20 November 1923
Springs, Gauteng, South Africa 		13 July 2014
Johannesburg, South Africa 		1972, 1973 Awarded the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature.[130]
Doris Lessing 22 October 1919
Kermanshah, Iran 		17 November 2013
London, England, United Kingdom 		1972, 1973 Awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature.[131]
Astrid Lindgren 14 November 1907
Vimmerby, Kalmar, Sweden 		28 January 2002
Stockholm, Sweden 		1972 [132]
1973
Indira Devi Dhanrajgir 17 August 1930
Hyderabad, Telangana, India 		— 1973 Nominated the only time by Krishna Srinivas.[133]
Zenta Mauriņa 15 December 1897
Lejasciems, Latvia 		25 April 1978
Basel, Switzerland 		1973 Nominated the only time by Mārtiņš Zīverts.[134]
1974
to be revealed in 2025
Argentina Díaz Lozano 5 December 1909
Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras 		13 August 1999
Tegucigalpa, Honduras 		1974
Anja Lundholm 28 April 1918
Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 		4 August 2007
Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany 		1974 [135]
Others[j]
1976
Anaïs Nin 21 February 1903
Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France 		14 January 1977
Los Angeles, California, United States 		1976 [136]
1979
Joyce Carol Oates 16 June 1938
Lockport, New York, United States 		— 1979, 1999 [137]
1981
Mary Kawena Pukui 20 April 1895
Kau, Hawaii, United States 		21 May 1986
Honolulu, Hawaii, United States 		1981 [138]
1984
Kamala Surayya–Das 31 March 1934
Punnayurkulam, Kerala, India 		31 May 2009
Pune, Maharashtra, India 		1984 [139]
1988
Christa Wolf 18 March 1929
Gorzów Wielkopolski, Lubusz, Poland 		1 December 2011
Berlin, Germany 		1988 [140]
1990
Maria Luisa Spaziani 7 December 1922
Turin, Italy 		30 June 2014
Rome, Italy 		1990, 1992, 1997
1991
Patricia Highsmith 19 January 1921
Fort Worth, Texas, United States 		4 February 1995
Locarno, Switzerland 		1991 [141]
1992
Matilde Alba Swann 24 February 1912
Berisso, Argentina 		13 September 2000
La Plata, Argentina 		1992 [142]
1993
Toni Morrison 18 February 1931
Lorain, Ohio, United States 		5 August 2019
New York City, New York, United States 		1993 Awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature.
1996
Wisława Szymborska 2 July 1923
Kórnik, Poznań, Poland 		1 February 2012
Kraków, Poland 		1996 Awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Inger Christensen 16 January 1935
Vejle, Denmark 		2 January 2009
Copenhagen, Denmark 		1996 [143]
Alda Merini 21 March 1931
Milan, Italy 		1 November 2009
Milan, Italy 		1996, 2001 [144]
1997
Alicia Ghiragossian 13 July 1936
Córdoba, Argentina 		22 May 2014
Los Angeles, California, United States 		1997 [145]
1998
Janet Frame 28 August 1924
Dunedin, New Zealand 		29 January 2004
Dunedin, New Zealand 		1998, 2003 [146]
1999
Simin Behbahani 20 July 1927
Tehran, Iran 		19 August 2014
Tehran, Iran 		1999, 2002 [147]
2000
Vizma Belševica 30 May 1931
Riga, Latvia 		6 August 2005
Riga, Latvia 		2000 [148]
2002
Leyla Erbil 12 January 1931
Istanbul, Türkiye 		19 July 2013
Istanbul, Türkiye 		2002 [149]
2003
Klára Jarunková 28 April 1922
Šumiac, Brezno, Slovakia 		11 July 2005
Bratislava, Slovakia 		2003 [150]
Giovanna Mulas 6 May 1969
Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy 		— 2003 [151]
2004
Elfriede Jelinek 20 October 1946
Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria 		— 2004 Awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Friederike Mayröcker 20 December 1924
Vienna, Austria 		4 June 2021
Vienna, Austria 		2004 [152]
2007
Luz Pozo Garza 21 July 1922
Ribadeo, Lugo, Spain 		20 April 2020
A Coruña, Spain 		2007 [153]
2008
Marjorie Boulton 7 May 1924
Teddington, Greater London, United Kingdom 		30 August 2017
London, United Kingdom 		2008 [154][155]
2009
Herta Müller 17 August 1953
Nițchidorf, Romania 		— 2009 Awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Dương Thu Hương 1947
Thái Bình, Vietnam 		— 2009 [156]
2011
Nawal El Saadawi 22 October 1931
Kafr Tahla, Qalyubiyya, Egypt 		21 March 2021
Cairo, Egypt 		2011, 2012, 2021 [157][158]
2012
Mahasweta Devi 14 January 1926
Dhaka, Bangladesh 		28 July 2016
Kolkata, West Bengal, India 		2012 [159]
Dacia Maraini 13 November 1936
Florence, Italy 		— 2012 [160]
2013
Alice Munro 10 July 1931
Wingham, Ontario, Canada 		13 May 2024
Port Hope, Ontario, Canada 		2013 Awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature.
2014
Svetlana Alexievich 31 May 1948
Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine 		— 2014, 2015 Awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature.
2015
Anna Nerkagi 15 February 1951
Yamalo-Nenets, Russia 		— 2015, 2018, 2020 [161][162]
2016
Lygia Fagundes Telles 19 April 1918
São Paulo, Brazil 		3 April 2022
São Paulo, Brazil 		2016 [163]
Tess Osonye Onwueme 8 September 1955
Ogwashi Ukwu, Delta, Nigeria 		— 2016 [164]
2018
Olga Tokarczuk 29 January 1962
Sulechów, Zielona Góra, Poland 		— 2018, 2019 Awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature in 2019.
Agustina Bessa-Luís 15 October 1922
Amarante, Portugal 		3 June 2019
Porto, Portugal 		2018 [165]
2020
Louise Glück 22 April 1943
New York City, New York, United States 		13 October 2023
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States 		2020 Awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Giovanna Giordano 12 November 1961
Milan, Italy 		— 2020 [166][167]
Scholastique Mukasonga 20 December 1956
Gikongoro, Rwanda 		— 2020, 2021, 2022 [168][169]
2022
Annie Ernaux 1 September 1940
Lillebonne, Seine-Maritime, France 		— 2022 Awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Edwidge Danticat 19 January 1969
Port-au-Prince, Haiti 		— 2022 [170]
2023
Ida Vitale 2 November 1923
Montevideo, Uruguay 		— 2023 [171]
2024
Han Kang 27 November 1970
Gwangju, South Korea 		— 2024 Awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature
Maria Tedeschi 3 January 1972
Naples, Italy 		— 2024 [172]

Peace

[edit]

From 1901 to 1973, 57 women have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and five of these nominees were subsequently awarded. Currently, the Nobel archives has revealed nominations from 1901 to 1973, the other enlisted women were verified nominations based on public and private news agencies.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1901
Bertha Sophie von Suttner[an] 9 June 1843
Prague, Czechia 		21 June 1914
Vienna, Austria 		1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 Awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize.[173]
Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood[ao] 24 October 1830
Royalton, New York, United States 		19 May 1917
Washington, D.C., United States 		1901, 1914 [174]
1903
Priscilla Hannah Peckover[ap] 27 October 1833
Wisbech, England, United Kingdom 		8 September 1931
Wisbech, England, United Kingdom 		1903, 1905, 1911, 1913 [175]
1905
Henriette Verdier Winteler de Weindeck[aq] 9 January 1832
London, United Kingdom 		20 March 1910
London, United Kingdom 		1905, 1907, 1910 [176]
1910
Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa[ar] ca. 1860
Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, Argentina 		25 June 1940
Buenos Aires, Argentina 		1910, 1911 [177]
1913
Anna Bernhardine Eckstein 14 June 1868
Coburg, Bavaria, Germany 		16 October 1947
Coburg, Bavaria, Germany 		1913 Nominated the only time by Nils August Nilsson.[178]
Lucia True Ames Mead[as] 5 May 1856
Boscawen, New Hampshire, United States 		1 November 1936
Boston, Massachusetts, United States 		1913 Nominated jointly with her husband Edwin Doak Mead the only time by Samuel Train Dutton.[179]
1916
Jane Addams[at] 6 September 1860
Cedarville, Illinois, United States 		21 May 1935
Chicago, Illinois, United States 		1916, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931 Awarded the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.[180]
1917
Rosika Bédy-Schwimmer[au] 11 September 1877
Budapest, Hungary 		3 August 1948
New York City, New York, United States 		1917, 1948 [181]
1918
Mary Shapard[av] c. 1882
Mississippi, United States 		c. 1950s
Texas, United States 		1918 Nominated the only time by Morris Sheppard.[182][183]
1920
Caroline Rémy de Guebhard 27 April 1855
Paris, France 		24 April 1929
Pierrefonds, Oise, France 		1920, 1922, 1924, 1927, 1929 Nominated by Lucien Le Foyer each time.[184]
1922
Eglantyne Jebb 25 August 1876
Ellesmere, England, United Kingdom 		17 December 1928
Geneva, Switzerland 		1922 [185]
Elsa Brändström Ulich[aw] 26 March 1888
Saint Petersburg, Russia 		4 March 1948
Boston, Massachusetts, United States 		1922, 1923, 1928, 1929 [186]
1931
Annie Wood Besant[ax] 1 October 1847
Clapham, England, United Kingdom 		20 September 1933
Adyar, Chennai, India 		1931 Nominated the only time by Peter Freeman.[187]
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair[ay] 15 March 1857
London, England, United Kingdom 		18 April 1939
Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom 		1931, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 [188]
1933
Margit Antonia Bárczy[az] 29 November 1877
Budapest, Hungary 		26 March 1934
Paris, France 		1933 Nominated the only time by Charles Dupuis.[189]
1935
Janet Miller
(prob. Janet Morison Miller (1891–1946)) 		— — 1935 [190]
Julie Bikle 8 January 1871
Lucerne, Switzerland 		11 May 1962
Winterthur, Switzerland 		1935, 1936, 1937 Nominated by Otto Pfister each time.[191]
1936
Moina Belle Michael[ba] 15 August 1869
Good Hope, Georgia, United States 		10 May 1944
Athens, Georgia, United States 		1936 [192]
Irma Schweitzer-Meyer[bb] 30 January 1882
Baden, Switzerland 		4 July 1967
Zürich, Switzerland 		1936, 1937 Nominated by Nils August Nilsson each time.[193]
1937
Henrietta Szold[bc] 21 December 1860
Baltimore, Maryland, United States 		13 February 1945
Jerusalem, Israel 		1937 Nominated the only time by Royal S. Copeland.[194]
1938
Princess Henriette of Belgium 30 November 1870
Brussels, Belgium 		28 March 1948
Sierre, Switzerland 		1938 [195]
1939
Carrie Chapman Catt[bd] 9 January 1859
Ripon, Wisconsin, United States 		9 March 1947
New Rochelle, New York, United States 		1939 [196]
1940
Helene Stöcker 13 November 1869
Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 		24 February 1943
New York City, New York, United States 		1940[x] Nominated with Théodore Ruyssen the only time by Ludwig Quidde.[197]
1946
Emily Greene Balch[be] 8 January 1867
Boston, Massachusetts, United States 		9 January 1961
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States 		1946 Awarded the 1946 Nobel Peace Prize with John Mott.[198]
Alexandra Kollontai[bf] 31 March 1872
Saint Petersburg, Russia 		9 March 1952
Moscow, Russia 		1946, 1947 [199]
1947
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt[bg] 11 October 1884
New York City, New York, United States 		7 November 1962
Manhattan, New York, United States 		1947, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1962 [200]
1948
Katharine Bruce Glasier[bh] 25 September 1867
Stoke Newington, London, United Kingdom 		14 June 1950
Earby, England, United Kingdom 		1948 Nominated the only time by Gilbert McAllister.[201]
1949
María Eva Duarte Perón[bi] 7 May 1919
Los Toldos, Argentina 		26 July 1952
Buenos Aires, Argentina 		1949 Nominated jointly with her husband Juan Perón the only time by Virgilio Filippo.[202]
Maria Tecla Montessori[bj] 31 August 1870
Chiaravalle, Ancona, Italy 		6 May 1952
Noordwijk, South Holland, Netherlands 		1949, 1950, 1951 [203]
1951
Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands[bk] 31 August 1880
Noordeinde Palace, South Holland, Netherlands 		28 November 1962
Paleis Het Loo, Apeldoorn, Netherlands 		1951 [204]
1952
Ada Barbara Waylen[bl] 1906
Oxford, United Kingdom 		1980
? 		1952 Nominated the only time by Norman Bentwich.[205]
Elisabeth Friederike Rotten[bm] 15 February 1882
Berlin, Germany 		2 May 1964
London, United Kingdom 		1952, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961 [206]
1953
Margaret Higgins Sanger[bn] 14 September 1879
Corning, New York, United States 		6 September 1966
Tucson, Arizona, United States 		1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1960, 1963 [207]
1954
Helen Adams Keller[bo] 27 June 1880
Tuscumbia, Alabama, United States 		1 June 1968
Easton, Connecticut, United States 		1954, 1958 [208]
1955
Gertrud Baer[bp] 25 November 1890
Halberstadt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany 		15 December 1981
Geneva, Switzerland 		1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959 [209]
1959
Olave St. Clair Baden-Powell[bq] 22 February 1889
Chesterfield, England, United Kingdom 		25 June 1977
Bramley, England, United Kingdom 		1959 [210]
1961
Marie-Elisabeth Lüders[br] 25 June 1878
Berlin, Germany 		23 March 1966
Berlin, Germany 		1961 Nominated the only time by Erich Mende.[211]
Lotta Hitschmanova[bs] 28 November 1909
Prague, Czechia 		1 August 1990
Ottawa, Canada 		1961, 1962 Nominated by Arthur Ryan Smith each time.[212]
Gertrud Kurz-Hohl[bt] 15 March 1890
Lutzenberg, Switzerland 		26 June 1972
Lutzenberg, Switzerland 		1961, 1962 [213]
Giulia Scappino Murena[bu] 1902
Italy 		1970s (or prob. 1967)
Riccione, Rimini, Italy 		1961, 1962 Nominated by Udo Redano each time and for the Nobel Prize in Literature too.[114]
1962
Maude Miner Hadden[bv] 29 June 1880
Leyden, Massachusetts, United States 		14 April 1967
Palm Beach, Florida, United States 		1962 Nominated the only time by Åke Sandler.[214]
1963
Catherine Devilliers (LEBLANC, Marie - Catherine)[bw] 30 December 1923
Montpellier, Hérault, France 		— 1963 [215]
Stella Monk[bx] — — 1963 Nominated the only time by Mohammed Sanusi Mustapha.[216]
1967
Margaret Susan Cheshire[by] 3 July 1924
Leeds, England, United Kingdom 		2 November 2000
Bury St Edmunds, England, United Kingdom 		1967, 1968 [217]
1969
Kaoru Hatoyama[bz] 21 November 1888
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 		15 August 1982
Tokyo, Japan 		1969 [218]
1970
Alva Reimer-Myrdal[ca] 31 January 1902
Uppsala, Sweden 		1 February 1986
Stockholm, Sweden 		1970 Awarded the 1982 Nobel Peace Prize with Alfonso García Robles.[219]
Britta Holmström[cb] 8 April 1911
Jönköping, Sweden 		4 October 1992
Lund, Sweden 		1970 [220]
1971
Louise Weiss 25 January 1893
Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France 		26 May 1983
Paris, France 		1971 [221]
1972[222]
Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu, M.C. 26 August 1910
Skopje, North Macedonia 		5 September 1997
Kolkata, West Bengal, India 		1972 Awarded the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize.
Isabelle Grant 3 July 1896
Lossiemouth, Moray, United Kingdom 		1 June 1977
London, United Kingdom 		1972 Nominated the only time by Harold T. Johnson.[222]
Elise Ottesen-Jensen 2 January 1886
Høyland, Norway 		4 September 1973
Stockholm, Sweden 		1972 [222]
Annie Skau Berntsen 29 May 1911
Oslo, Norway 		26 November 1992
Horten, Norway 		1972 Nominated the only time by Henrik Bahr.[222]
Helen Suzman 7 November 1917
Germiston, Transvaal, South Africa 		1 January 2009
Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa 		1972 Nominated the only time by Richard Luyt.[222]
1973[222]
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck June 26, 1892
Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States 		March 6, 1973
Danby, Vermont, United States 		1973 Awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature.[88][222]
Indira Gandhi 19 November 1917
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 		31 October 1984
New Delhi, India 		1973 Nominated the only time by Buddha Priya Maurya.[222]
Jeannette Rankin[d] 11 June 1880
Missoula, Montana, United States 		18 May 1973
Carmel, California, United States 		1973 Nominated the only time by Mike Mansfield.[222]
1974
will be revealed in 2025
Others[j]
1976
Betty Williams 22 May 1943
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 		17 March 2020
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 		1976, 1977 Awarded the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize in 1977.[223]
Mairead Maguire 27 January 1944
Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 		—
Hualing Nieh Engle 11 January 1925
Wuhan, Hubei, China 		21 October 2024
Iowa City, Iowa, United States 		1976 [224]
1978
Dorothy Day 8 November 1897
Brooklyn Heights, New York, United States 		29 November 1980
Manhattan, New York, United States 		1978, 1979 [225]
Imelda Romualdez-Marcos 2 July 1929 in San Miguel, Manila, Philippines — 1978 [226][227]
1979
Doris Twitchell Allen 8 October 1901
Old Town, Maine, United States 		7 March 2002
Sterling, Virginia, United States 		1979 [228]
Hildegard Goss-Mayr 22 January 1930
Vienna, Austria 		— 1979, 1987, 2005[cc] [229]
1981
Geraldyn "Jerrie" Cobb 5 March 1931
Norman, Oklahoma, United States 		18 March 2019
Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States 		1981 [230]
1984
Patricia Montandon 26 December 1928
Merkel, Texas, United States 		— 1984, 1985, 1986 [231]
1987
Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino 25 January 1933 in Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines 1 August 2009 in Makati, Philippines 1987 [232][233]
1988
Emmanuelle Cinquin, N.D.S. 16 November 1908
Brussels, Belgium 		20 October 2008
Callian, Var, France 		1988 [234]
Inga Thorsson 3 July 1915 in Malmö, Sweden 15 January 1994 in Stockholm, Sweden 1988 [235]
Scilla Elworthy 3 June 1943
Galashiels, Scotland, United Kingdom 		— 1988, 1989, 1991 [236]
Dulce de Souza Pontes, S.M.I.C. 26 May 1914
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 		13 March 1992
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 		1988, 1992 [237][238]
1989
Aung San Suu Kyi 19 June 1945
Yangon, Myanmar 		— 1989, 1990, 1991 Awarded the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize.[239]
1990
Anne, Princess Royal 15 August 1950
London, United Kingdom 		— 1990 [240]
Elise M. Boulding 6 July 1920 in Oslo, Norway 24 June 2010 in Needham, Massachusetts, United States 1990, 2005[cc] [235]
1992
Rigoberta Menchú 9 January 1959
Laj Chimel, Uspantán, El Quiché, Guatemala 		— 1992 Awarded the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize.[241][242]
Elisa Molina de Stahl 24 March 1918
Quetzaltenango, Guatemala 		3 November 1996
Guatemala City, Guatemala 		1992 [241]
Shulamit Katznelson 17 August 1919
Geneva, Switzerland 		6 August 1999
Netanya, Israel 		1992, 1993 [243]
1997
Jody Williams 9 October 1950
Rutland, Vermont, United States 		— 1997 Awarded the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize with the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICPBL).
1999
Helen Prejean, C.S.J. 21 April 1939 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States — 1999 [235][244]
Catherine Hamlin 24 January 1924
Sydney, Australia 		18 March 2020
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 		1999, 2014 [245]
2000
Kathy Kelly 10 December 1952 in Chicago, Illinois, United States — 2000 [235]
2002
Maria Pearson 12 July 1932
Springfield, South Dakota, United States 		23 May 2003
Ames, Iowa, United States 		2002 [246]
2003
Shirin Ebadi 21 June 1947
Hamadan, Iran 		— 2003 Awarded the 2003 Nobel Peace Prize.
Lois Gibbs 25 June 1951
Grand Island, New York, United States 		— 2003 [247]
Irena Sendler 15 February 1910
Warsaw, Poland 		12 May 2008
Warsaw, Poland 		2003, 2007 [248]
2004
Wangarĩ Maathai 1 April 1940
Tetu, Nyeri, Kenya 		25 September 2011
Nairobi, Kenya 		2004 Awarded the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize.
Nelsa Curbelo 1 November 1941
Montevideo, Uruguay 		— 2004, 2009 [249]
2005
1000 PeaceWomen Across the Globe a collective nomination of 1000 women from over 150 different countries for the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize. 2005 [250]
Zilda Arns Neumann 25 August 1934
Forquilhinha, Santa Catarina, Brazil 		12 January 2010
Port-au-Prince, Haiti 		2005[cc], 2006 [238]
Meaza Ashenafi 25 July 1964
Asosa, Ethiopia 		— 2005[cc], 2015 [251]
Medea Benjamin 10 September 1952
Freeport, New York, United States 		— 2005[cc], 2017 [252]
2006
Rebiya Kadeer 15 November 1946
Altay City, Xinjiang, China 		— 2006 [253]
2007
Sheila Watt-Cloutier 2 December 1953
Kuujjuaq, Quebec, Canada 		— 2007 [252][254]
Oprah Winfrey 29 January 1954
Kosciusko, Mississippi, United States 		— 2007 [255]
2008
Íngrid Betancourt 25 December 1961
Bogotá, Colombia 		— 2008 [256]
Inge Genefke 6 July 1938
Frederiksberg, Denmark 		— 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013 [257][258]
2009
Piedad Córdoba 25 January 1955
Medellín, Colombia 		20 January 2024
Medellín, Colombia 		2009 [259][260][261]
Sima Samar 3 February 1957
Jaghori, Afghanistan 		— 2009, 2010, 2011 [262][263]
Hawa Abdi 17 May 1947
Mogadishu, Somalia 		5 August 2020
Mogadishu, Somalia 		2009, 2012 [264][265]
2010
Svetlana Gannushkina 6 March 1942
Moscow, Russia 		— 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016 [266][267]
2011
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 29 October 1938
Monrovia, Liberia 		— 2011 Awarded jointly the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize.
Leymah Gbowee 1 February 1972
Monrovia, Liberia 		— 2011
Tawakkol Karman 7 February 1979
Shara'b As Salam, Taiz, Yemen 		— 2011
Yulia Tymoshenko 27 November 1960
Dnipro, Ukraine 		— 2011 [268]
2012
Angie Zelter 5 June 1951
London, United Kingdom 		— 2012 [269]
Maggie Gobran 1949
Cairo, Egypt 		— 2012, 2020, 2023 [270][271][272][273]
2013
Malala Yousafzai 12 July 1997
Mingora, Swat, Pakistan 		— 2013, 2014 Awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize with Kailash Satyarthi.[274][275]
Lyudmila Alexeyeva 20 July 1927
Yevpatoria, Ukraine 		8 December 2018
Moscow, Russia 		2013 [275][276]
Claudia Paz y Paz 7 June 1966
Guatemala City, Guatemala 		— 2013 [275]
Susana Trimarco 25 May 1954
San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina 		— 2013 [277]
2014
Agnes Mariam de la Croix, O.Carm 1952
Beirut, Lebanon 		— 2014 [278]
Catherine Ashton 25 March 1956
Up Holland, West Lancashire, United Kingdom 		— 2014 [279]
Anne Merriman 1935
Liverpool, United Kingdom 		— 2014 [280]
2015
Kathryn Bolkovac c. 1960
Ohio, United States 		— 2015 [281]
Evelin Lindner 13 May 1954
Hameln, Lower Saxony, Germany 		— 2015, 2016, 2017 [282]
Aminetou Mint El-Moctar 13 December 1956
Nouakchott, Mauritania 		— 2015 [283]
Leyla Yunus 21 December 1955
Baku, Azerbaijan 		— 2015 [284]
2016
Nadia Murad 10 March 1993
Kocho, Iraq 		— 2016, 2017, 2018 Awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize with Denis Mukwege.[285]
Luz Marina Bernal 1960
Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colomboa 		— 2016 [286]
Emilia Kamvysi c. 1930
Lesbos, Greece 		12 March 2023
Lesbos, Greece 		2016 [287][288]
Angela Merkel 17 July 1954
Hamburg, Germany 		— 2016 [289]
Susan Sarandon 4 October 1946
Jackson Heights, New York, United States 		— 2016 [290]
2017
Maria da Penha 1 February 1945
Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 		— 2017 [238][291]
Marianne Stöger 24 April 1934
Matrei am Brenner, Tyrol, Austria 		— 2017, 2020 [292][293]
Margaritha Pissarek 9 June 1935
Austria 		29 September 2023
Austria
2018
Anna Alboth 1984
Warsaw, Poland 		— 2018 [294]
Lidija Doroņina-Lasmane 28 July 1925
Ulmale, Aizpute, Latvia 		— 2018 [295]
Jaha Dukureh 1989
Gambia 		— 2018 [296]
Agnes Chow Ting 3 December 1996
Hong Kong 		— 2018, 2019 [297]
Nataša Kandić 16 December 1946
Belgrade, Serbia 		— 2018, 2022 [298][299]
2019
Ilwad Elman 22 December 1989
Mogadishu, Somalia 		— 2019 [300][301]
Amanda Nguyen 10 October 1991
Corona, California, United States 		— 2019 [302]
Yvonne Ridley 23 April 1958
Stanley, Durham, United Kingdom 		— 2019 [303]
Hajer Sharief 1994
Libya 		— 2019 [301]
Sevgül Uludağ 15 October 1958
Nicosia, Cyprus 		— 2019 [304]
Loujain al-Hathloul 31 July 1989
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 		— 2019, 2020 [305][306]
Jacinda Ardern 26 July 1980
Hamilton, New Zealand 		— 2019, 2020 [307][308][309]
Greta Thunberg 3 January 2003
Stockholm, Sweden 		— 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 [310][311][312][313]
2020
Leila de Lima 27 August 1959
Iriga, Camarines Sur, Philippines 		— 2020 [314]
2021
Maria Ressa 2 October 1963
Manila, Philippines 		— 2021 Awarded the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize with Dmitry Muratov.[315][316]
Stacey Abrams 9 December 1973
Madison, Wisconsin, United States 		— 2021 [317][318]
Zineb El Rhazoui 19 January 1982
Casablanca, Morocco 		— 2021 [319]
Aminatou Haidar 24 July 1966
Akka, Morocco 		— 2021 [320][321]
Jane Goodall 3 April 1934
Hampstead, London, United Kingdom 		— 2021 [315][316]
Veronika Tsepkalo 7 September 1976
Mogilev, Belarus 		— 2021 [315][316][322]
Maria Kalesnikava 24 April 1982
Minsk, Belarus 		— 2021 [315][316][322]
Juliana Taimoorazy 23 April 1973
Tehran, Iran 		— 2021 [323]
Marilyn Waring 7 October 1952
Ngaruawahia, New Zealand 		— 2021 [315][316]
Alexandra Wong Fung-yiu 16 May 1956
Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong 		— 2021 [324][325]
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya 11 September 1982
Mikashevichy, Belarus 		— 2021, 2022 [315][316][322][326]
2022
Maria Elena Bottazzi 1966
Genoa, Italy 		— 2022 [327][328]
Dee Dawkins-Haigler 31 January 1970
Lithonia, Georgia, United States 		— 2022 [329]
Opal Lee 7 October 1926
Marshall, Texas, United States 		— 2022 [330]
Miriam Were 12 April 1940
Kakamega, Western Province, Kenya 		— 2022 [331]
Masih Alinejad 11 September 1976
Qomi Kola, Iran 		— 2022, 2023 [332][333]
Gwyneth Ho Kwai-lam 24 August 1990
Hong Kong 		— 2022, 2023 [334][335]
Chow Hang-tung 24 January 1985
Hong Kong 		— 2022, 2023, 2024 [334][335][336]
2023
Narges Mohammadi 21 April 1972
Zanjan, Iran 		— 2023 Awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize.[337]
Vanessa Nakate 15 November 1996
Kampala, Uganda 		— 2023 [313][338]
Mahbouba Seraj 1948
Kabul, Afghanistan 		— 2023 [339]
Jani Silva c. 1968
Colombia 		— 2023 [340][341]
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz 19 October 1952
Besao, Mt. Province, Philippines 		— 2023 [342][343]
2024
Yasmina Cánovas El Vendrell, Spain — 2024 [344][345]
Heidi Kühn 1958
United States 		— 2024 [346]

Economic Sciences

[edit]

From 1969 to 1971, 3 women have been nominated for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences but none of them were subsequently awarded.

Picture Name Born Died Years Nominated Notes
1969
Anna Schwartz 11 November 1915
The Bronx, New York, United States 		21 June 2012
Manhattan, New York, United States 		1969, 1971 Nominated by Bertil Gotthard Ohlin each time.[347]
Joan Robinson 31 October 1903
Surrey, United Kingdom 		5 August 1983
Cambridge, United Kingdom 		1969, 1970, 1971 [347]
1971
Barbara Bergmann 20 July 1927
The Bronx, New York, United States 		5 April 2015
Bethesda, Maryland, United States 		1971 [347]
1972
should be revealed in 2023
1973
will be revealed in 2024
Others[j]
2009
Elinor Ostrom 7 August 1933
Los Angeles, California, United States 		12 June 2012
Bloomington, Indiana, United States 		2009 Awarded the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Oliver E. Williamson.
2019
Esther Duflo 25 October 1972
Paris, France 		— 2019 Awarded the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Abhijit Banerjee and Michael Kremer.
2023
Claudia Goldin 14 May 1946
New York City, New York, United States 		— 2023 Awarded the 2023 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Motivations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Presently the Republic of Poland.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Presently the Fifth French Republic.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Presently the Second Austrian Republic.
  4. ^ a b Died before the only chance to be rewarded.
  5. ^ a b Presently the Arab Republic of Egypt.
  6. ^ a b Presently the People's Republic of China.
  7. ^ a b Then the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, presently the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
  8. ^ "Nomination 20866 to J.Bell has been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences."
  9. ^ “Data of Jocelyn Bell (id 15505) have been hidden at the Nomination Archive site according to §8 of the statutes governing the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”
  10. ^ a b c d e f The following nominations, though verified and features their respective years, are yet still to be organized as they may have been nominated in earlier years.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Presently the Federal Republic of Germany.
  12. ^ a b c Presently the Czech Republic.
  13. ^ Presently part of Israel and Palestine, see Status of Jerusalem for details.
  14. ^ a b Presently Ukraine.
  15. ^ "for the discovery of preventative of heart failure."
  16. ^ Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee, as A. S. Helton had not been invited to make a nomination for the Prize of 1912.[7]
  17. ^ "for work on the architectonics of the cerebral cortex, cortex localization and on the function of corpus striatum"
  18. ^ "for work on cancer"
  19. ^ "for work on the etiology, prevention and cure of scarlet fever"
  20. ^ "for studies on the functional relations of calcium and the parathyroids in normal and deranged metabolism of man"
  21. ^ "for work on the relation of dietary deficiencies to human diseases. (Dental structure and dental disease.)"
  22. ^ "for work on the use of nicotinic acid in the pellagra therapy"
  23. ^ "for investigation of a possible hormonal cause of toxemia of pregnancy"
  24. ^ a b c d e f No Nobel Prize has been awarded this year.
  25. ^ "for outstanding achievements in the development of ophthalmology and the fight against trachoma"
  26. ^ Presently the Republic of Azerbaijan.
  27. ^ In 1941, the Nobel Prize Committee purportedly presented Valikhan to the Nobel Prize in Medicine for outstanding achievements in the development of ophthalmology and the fight against trachoma, but because of the start of the World War II, the annual Nobel Prize was suspended.[46]
  28. ^ "for work on enzymatic synthesis of glycogen and starch, effect of the anterior pituitary extract and of insulin on the hexokinase reaction"
  29. ^ "for work on the chemistry of muscle and the discovery of the enzymatic properties of myosin"
  30. ^ a b Presently the Russian Federation.
  31. ^ "for work on the surgical treatment of malformations of the heart"
  32. ^ "for work on fertilization and cell division of human ova in vitro"
  33. ^ Presently the Republic of Latvia.
  34. ^ "for work on the inheritance of deafness and the proband method of analysis of human pedigree for inheritance of recessive traits"
  35. ^ "for the discovery of streptomycin, an antibiotic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis."
  36. ^ a b Presently the Italian Republic.
  37. ^ Presently the Third Hungarian Republic.
  38. ^ Presently the Kingdom of Sweden.
  39. ^ a b Presently the Republic of Belarus.
  40. ^ "Suttner was the author of the novel Die Waffen nieder! ("Lay Down Your Arms!"), the most important antiwar novel of the period. She was the founder and president of the Austrian Peace Society (1891), and she contributed to the foundation of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (1891). Suttner was nominated for her contribution to the international peace movement."
  41. ^ "Lockwood attended several international peace conferences. She supported Bajer in his work to found the Permanent International Peace Bureau, and she founded a branch of the Bureau in Washington. She was for a long time associated with the Universal Peace Union in Philadelphia and an ardent promoter of arbitration."
  42. ^ "Peckover founded the Wisbech Local Peace Association. She was editor and publisher of the journal Peace and Goodwill and supported peace work in and outside of Great Britain, especially in the Nordic countries."
  43. ^ "Author of the book De la paix, du desarmement, et de la solution du probleme social."
  44. ^ "Nominated for her efforts to end the conflict between Argentina and Chile."
  45. ^ "Lucia Mead rendered Edwin Mead great assistance in his peace work both through speeches and writings, and she attended most of the conferences and congresses her husband participated in. She was also a peace worker in her own right. President of the peace and arbitration department of the National Women Suffrage Association, vice-president of the American Peace Society and member of the Council of the World Peace Foundation."
  46. ^ "Addams was the co-founder and president of the Women's Peace Party (1915). In 1915 she attended the Women's Peace Conference at The Hague, and she was elected president of the International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace. After the conference Addams and several of the delegates went on a peace mission to the European political leaders and to the American president. Addams was elected president of the newly formed Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) at the second Women's Peace Conference in 1919. She presided over the 4th regular peace conference held by the WILPF in Washington in 1924. It adopted a manifesto stating that civilization can only be rebuilt on international justice, renouncing the Treaty of Versailles. It furthermore demanded democratic control over foreign policy, social peace and a stronger international organization."
  47. ^ "Schwimmer initiated the Ford Neutral Conference in 1915, and she was one of the founding members of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (1919). She started peace missions to both neutral and belligerent countries (adopted by the peace conference). She committed the last part of her life to the movement to create a federal world government."
  48. ^ "Mary Shapard was nominated for her World War I-era recommendation that a nonpartisan "league of nations" be established by world leaders to reduce the likelihood of future armed conflicts between countries engaged in international disputes."
  49. ^ "Brändström worked as delegate, advisor and co-organizer for the Swedish Red Cross. She traveled extensively throughout Russia and contributed greatly to the relief work for prisoners of war in Russia and Siberia (1914-1920). She visited prison camps, escorted prisoners home, and she organized the repatriation of German and Austrian prisoners after the war."
  50. ^ "Besant was actively involved in educational and humanitarian work in India. She established the Indian Home Rule League in 1916, and she was elected leader of the Indian nationalist congress in 1917. The nominator stressed her efforts to solve the Indian "problem", and thereby secure world peace by uniting East and West. Besant was the international president of the Theosophical Society (1907-1933)."
  51. ^ "Lady Aberdeen advocated peace and understanding through her work as president of the International Council of Women."
  52. ^ "Princess Djabadary had written the libretto to an opera that carried a peaceful message. The opera was composed by her husband."
  53. ^ "Michael had initiated the use of a poppy as a symbol of remembrance and hope in the aftermath of World War I. It was adopted as the National Emblem in commemoration of American soldiers who perished in France, and in 1920 the American Legion adopted the poppy as the National American Legion Memorial Flower."
  54. ^ "Irma Schweitzer was the author of the book Sur le chemin de la Paix, which the nominator considered to be eminently suitable for teaching."
  55. ^ "Szold had established a home in Palestine for Jewish people, and after 1933 she helped numerous German Jews to a new life in Palestine."
  56. ^ "Catt was president of the International Female Suffrage Alliance. She initiated the Women's Peace Party in Washington in 1915, and she was one of the delegates to the International Women's Peace Congress at The Hague in 1915. Catt was chairman of the Committee on the Cause and Cure of War 1925-1932. She worked to create greater understanding between persons from different countries."
  57. ^ "Balch had actively worked for peace since 1915, and she had been one of the leaders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom since 1919. She promoted disarmament, and she opposed US isolationism and neutrality, claiming that neutrality was selfish. Balch strongly advocated the need to resist fascism and aggression through non-violent methods and international co-operation. She also established summer schools to promote peace. During the 1930s she aided Jewish refugees fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany. Initially she opposed WWII because she opposed all war in general, but she supported US entry into the war in 1941. Balch saw Nazism as the personification of evil and a threat to humanity that had to be stopped."
  58. ^ "Kollontai was nominated for her diplomatic efforts to end war and hostilities between the Soviet Union and Finland during the negotiations in 1940-44, and for her work for the benefit of the Nordic countries."
  59. ^ "Roosevelt was nominated for her work to further understanding between people of different races and between people from different nations, especially while serving as Chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights."
  60. ^ "Glasier was nominated for her humanitarian work in England and elsewhere."
  61. ^ "Evita Perón was nominated for her humanitarian efforts in Argentina particularly on promoting labor rights, championing women's suffrage, eliminating poverty and establishing charities to the working-class Argentines."
  62. ^ "Montessori furthered international understanding through her educational work."
  63. ^ "Queen Wilhelmina was nominated for her involvement in the summoning of the two peace conferences at The Hague in 1897 and 1907. She was also nominated for her philanthropic effort during World War I, her strong opposition to Nazism and her contribution to the liberation of colonial areas."
  64. ^ "Nominated for her book Creators of the modern Spirit."
  65. ^ "For her work for reconciliation and work in Pestalozzi Children Village in Switzerland."
  66. ^ "Margaret Sanger was nominated for her outstanding ability to see the serious consequences of uncontrolled increase of population."
  67. ^ "Nominated for the international importance of her work for deaf and blind people, and for showing the stimulating effect of The International Brotherhood Idea."
  68. ^ "Gertrude Baer was nominated for her able and devoted service to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."
  69. ^ "Lady Baden-Powell was nominated for her international contribution as a founder of the Scout movement for girls."
  70. ^ "Marie Elisabeth Lüders was nominated for her work with understanding between peoples."
  71. ^ "Lotta Hitchmanova was nominated for her opposition to the Nazi regime during the second world war, her work with refugees, and organizing the small beginnings of the Unitarian Service Committee."
  72. ^ "Gertrud Kurz-Hohl was nominated for her consistent work for refugees, and initiating the Austrian Peace Service, one of three branches within the organization Austrian Service Abroad. She has tirelessly worked for peace through reconciliation and understanding between the people of the World."
  73. ^ "Giulia Scappino Murena was nominated in the hope that her voice, singing about human brotherhood, will become a sign of harmony for the divided humanity."
  74. ^ "Mrs. Alexander Hadden was nominated for her co-founding of the Institute of World Affairs."
  75. ^ "Catherine Devilliers was nominated for her book Lieutanant Katia describing events under the Second World War."
  76. ^ "Stella Monk was nominated because of her achievements as director of the Commonwealth Friendship Movement. Her dedication to creating friendship, mutual understanding, and respect among people in the Commonwealth has contributed to unity and friendly co-operation between the nations of the World."
  77. ^ "Susan Ryder was nominated for her personal dedication and inspiring example and leadership to encourage the forces of mercy and compassion against those of brutality and aggression, leading to war."
  78. ^ "Kaoru Hatoyama was nominated for her contribution to the reopening of diplomatic relations between Japan and the U.S.S.R., and Japan's entry into the United Nations, for her contribution to the Yuai (fraternity) movement and for her achievements as an educator."
  79. ^ "Alva Myrdal was nominated for her many services to the international community and their promotion of international understanding."
  80. ^ "Britta Holmström was nominated for her pioneering work with refugees, initiating Praghjälpen (Prague Aid) and contributing greatly to the possibility of world peace."
  81. ^ a b c d e "As part of the 1000 PeaceWomen Across the Globe

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  5. ^ a b "Nobel Laureates Facts - Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Nobel Prize in Physics 1903". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  7. ^ a b c "Nomination was declared invalid by the Nobel Committee". nobelprize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  8. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  9. ^ Asaid, Alan (26 September 2009). "This is how the Academy misjudged the women". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  10. ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1909". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  12. ^ Fleming, Donald (October 1966). "Nobel's Hits and Misses". The Atlantic. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
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  30. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marguerite Perey". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  31. ^ "Nomination Archive – Joan Folkes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  32. ^ "Nomination Archive – Martha Chase". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  33. ^ "Nomination Archive – Alberte Pullman". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  34. ^ "Nomination Archive – M B Allen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  35. ^ "Nomination Archive – Erika Cremer". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  36. ^ "Johanna Dobereiner (1924 - 2000) - a cientista que revolucionou a agricultura brasileira". Unicentro (in Portuguese). 4 March 2022. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
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  51. ^ "Nomination Archive – Madge Macklin". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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  73. ^ "Nomination Archive – Anna Elisabeth Mathieu de Noailles". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  74. ^ "Nomination Archive – Edith Howes". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  75. ^ "Nomination Archive – Blanca de los Ríos de Lampérez". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  76. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ricarda Huch". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  77. ^ "Nomination Archive – Clotilde de Arvelo". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  78. ^ "Nomination Archive – Laura Mestre". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  79. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  80. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  81. ^ "Nomination Archive – Violet Clifton". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  82. ^ "Nomination Archive - Elise Richter". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  83. ^ "Nomination Archive – Enrica von Handel-Mazzetti". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  84. ^ "Nomination Archive – Cecile Tormay". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  85. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Jotuni". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  86. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sally Salminen". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  87. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maila Talvio". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  88. ^ a b "Nomination Archive – Pearl Buck". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  89. ^ "Nomination Archive – Margaret Mitchell". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  90. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henriette Charasson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  91. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henry Handel Richardson". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  92. ^ "Nomination Archive – Henriette Roland Holst van der Schalk". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  93. ^ "Nomination Archive – Maria Dabrowksa". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  94. ^ "Nomination Archive – Gabriela Mistral". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  95. ^ "Nomination Archive – Ruth Young". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  96. ^ "Nomination Archive – Elisabet Bagriana". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  97. ^ "Nomination Archive – Marie Under". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  98. ^ "Nomination Archive – Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette". NobelPrize.org. April 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
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