List of tunnels in Australia
Appearance
This is a list of tunnels in Australia which includes any road, railway, waterway or other form of tunnel, anywhere in the country.
Australian Capital Territory
[edit]Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Acton Tunnel | Acton, Australian Capital Territory | Carries Parkes Way under a hill | Road | 190 | 623 | Three levels, with the upper two being used for car parking and storage by the Australian National University |
New South Wales
[edit]Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length[1] | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Airport railway line | Wolli Creek to Central | East Hills railway line | Rail | 10,000 | 33,000 | ||
Bilson Tunnel | Kosciuszko National Park | Skitube | Rail | 3,300 | 10,800 | ||
Blue Cow Tunnel | Kosciuszko National Park | Skitube | Rail | 2,600 | 8,500 | ||
Ardglen Tunnel | Upper Hunter Shire | Main North Line | Rail | 488 | 1,601 | [2] | |
Airport Tunnel | Mascot | General Holmes Drive | Road | 550 | 1,800 | Two in-line dual tunnels that carry runways for Sydney Airport[3] | |
Avon Tunnel | Dombarton to Avon | Maldon – Dombarton railway line | Rail | 4,000 | 13,000 | A planned single track tunnel. Only a few metres at each end were evacuated. 150.7372°, -34.4451° [4] | |
Balmain Colliery | Below Sydney Harbour | Coal mine | |||||
Belmore Tunnel | Blue Mountains | Main Western line | Rail | Used by Zig Zag tourist railway on the Lithgow Zig Zag | |||
Bethungra Spiral | Bethungra | Main South Line | Rail | 205 | 673 | Two tunnels | |
Border Tunnel | Richmond Valley | North Coast line | Rail | 1,160 | 3,810 | On the border between New South Wales and Queensland[5] | |
Box Vale tunnel | Mittagong | Box Vale rail line | unlined tunnel through final spur | ||||
Bullio Tunnel (Wombeyan Caves Rd Tunnel) | Nattai National Park | Wombeyan Caves Road | Road | 22 | 72 | ||
Busby's Bore | From Centennial Parklands to Hyde Park | Sydney water supply | Water | 3,600 | 11,800 | Built from 1827 to 1837 and remains in limited use[6] | |
Bylong Rail Tunnel | Bylong | Sandy Hollow to Maryvale Line, No 3 of 5 | Rail | 1,975 | 6,480 | At the time of its construction, it was the longest rail tunnel[citation needed] | |
Boronia Tunnels | Cowan | Main North line | Rail | 1,313 | 4,308 | 1-4 in use, 5 deviated; double track; longest tunnel is 602 metres (1,975 ft) | |
Bungendore - Queanbeyan rail | Bombala line | Rail | Brooks Bank tunnel and two Pine Range tunnels | ||||
Carcoar Tunnel | Carcoar | Blayney–Demondrille railway line | Rail | 281 | 922 | No longer in use | |
City Circle | Sydney central business district | Sydney underground railways | Rail | 5,000 | 16,000 | Estimate of tunnel length from Central to Circular Quay and return. Two tunnels | |
Clarence Tunnel | Clarence, Blue Mountains | Main Western line | Rail | 493 | 1,617 | Replaced by Ten Tunnels Deviation; used by Zig Zag tourist railway | |
Colinton rail tunnel | Colinton | Bombala line | Rail | 161 | 528 | No longer in use | |
Cooks River Tunnel | Between Sydney Airport and Tempe | M5 Motorway | Road | Under Cooks River | |||
Cougal Spiral | Richmond Valley | North Coast line | Rail | 369 | 1,211 | Two tunnels (See also Border Tunnel) | |
Cross City Tunnel | Sydney central business district | Cross City Tunnel | Road | 2,100 | 6,900 | Two tunnels[7] | |
Cudgen Road Tunnel | Tweed Valley | Pacific Motorway | Road | 134 | 440 | Twin tunnels; opened in 2002[8] | |
Devonshire Street Tunnel | Sydney central business district | Railway Square to Surry Hills | Pedestrian | 300 | 980 | [9] | |
Dorrigo railway line | Dorrigo | Dorrigo railway line | Rail | Two tunnels of unknown length between Glenreagh and Timber Top | |||
Eastern Distributor Tunnel | Between Woolloomooloo and Surry Hills | Eastern Distributor | Road | 1,700 | 5,600 | Completed in 2000; tolled on exit, northbound only; unique 'piggyback' design with three lanes, northbound, stacked on top of three lanes, southbound[10][11] | |
Eastern Suburbs railway line | Sydney | Eastern Suburbs railway line | Rail | Erskineville to Bondi Junction | |||
Epping to Chatswood railway line | Sydney | Metro North West & Bankstown Line | Rail | 13,000 | 43,000 | ||
Fernleigh Tunnel | Rail | Rail trail-cycleway | |||||
Gib tunnel | between Mittagong & Bowral | Main South line | Rail | 516 | 1,693 | Two tunnels; original single-track line now replaced; and one double-track line adjacent | |
Glenbrook Tunnel (1892) | Glenbrook | Main Western Line (since deviated) | Heritage | 634 | 2,080 | ||
Glenbrook Tunnel (1913) | Between Lapstone and Glenbrook | Main Western line | Rail | 283 | 928 | Double-track line, in use | |
Glowworm Tunnel Rd Tunnel | Wollemi National Park | Glowworm Tunnel Road | Road | 160 | 520 | ||
Helensburgh Tunnels including the Helensburgh Glow Worm, Lilyvale and Otford tunnels |
Illawarra escarpment | Illawarra railway line | Rail | 3,257 | 10,686 | Seven disused tunnels; previous use between 1884 and 1920[12][13][14] plus Seven in use dual line tunnels plus one single tunnel | |
Kings Cross Tunnel | Kings Cross | Road | 274 | 899 | |||
Lane Cove Tunnel | Lane Cove | M2 Motorway | Road | 3,600 | 11,800 | ||
Long Island | Hawkesbury River station | Main North line | Rail | 263 | 863 | Two tunnels; one Disused single track tunnel used for storage and a Double track, in use, adjacent | |
Malaita Point | Katoomba | Rail | through post of a coal mine | ||||
Marrangaroo | Lithgow | Main Western line | Rail | 974 | 3,196 | Former single-track line; since deviated as double-track line, in use. Only double-track line length shown | |
Merewether Bluff | Merewether | Rail | Disused, Australia's first two railway tunnels, 1861 & 1862, privately operated[15] | ||||
M4 East Tunnel | Between Haberfield and Homebush | M4 Motorway | Road | 5,500 | 18,000 | Dual tunnels[16] | |
M4-M5 Link | Between Haberfield and St Peters | M4/M5 / | Road | 9,200 | 30,200 | [16] | |
M5 East Tunnel | Between Beverly Hills and Arncliffe | M5 Motorway | Road | ||||
M8 Motorway | Between Beverly Hills and St Peters | M8 Motorway | Road | 9,000 | 30,000 | ||
Moore Park Tunnel | Moore Park | CBD and South East Light Rail | Light rail | from Eastern Distributor to Anzac Parade | |||
Mount Alexandra | Mittagong | Fitzroy Iron Works | short tunnel on horse drawn tramway replacement | ||||
Mount Rennie | Katoomba | Narrow Neck | Rail | 395 | 1,296 | Disused; previous use shale transport | |
Mullet Creek | Hawkesbury River station | Main North line | Rail | 456 | 1,496 | Double track, in use, from the Hawkesbury Bridge Platform and Jct (end Hawkesbury Bridge deviation) | |
New Main Tunnel | Picton | Main South line | Rail | 183 | 600 | Double track, in use, between Picton station and Redback tunnel | |
Newnes Glowworm Tunnel | Between Newnes and Lithgow | Newnes railway line | Rail | 1,320 | 4,330 | Rail use between 1907 and 1932; converted to pedestrian and tourism use[17] | |
NorthConnex | Between Pennant Hills and Wahroonga | Pacific Motorway /Hills Motorway | Road | 9,000 | 30,000 | Opened 31 October 2020[18] | |
Old Main Tunnel | Picton | Main South line | Rail | 181 | 594 | Disused; previous use between 1867 and 1919 | |
Pyrmont and Glebe Railway Tunnels | Between Pyrmont and Glebe | Inner West Light Rail | Light rail | 1,500 | 4,900 | Two double-track tunnels; completed in 1922; estimated length[19] | |
Redbank Tunnel | Tahmoor | Main South line | Rail | 181 | 594 | Double-track, in use;[20] deviated, filled in[21] | |
Red Hill Tunnels | Coffs Harbour | North Coast line | Rail | 955 | 3,133 | Five tunnels, opened in 1922 | |
St Helena Tunnel | Ewingsdale, near Byron Bay, Tweed Valley | Pacific Highway | Road | 434 | 1,424 | Opened 18 December 2015[22] | |
Stockrington | Maitland | Richmond Vale railway line | 3 tunnels | ||||
Sydney Harbour Tunnel | Between Woolloomooloo and North Sydney under Sydney Harbour | Sydney Harbour Tunnel | Road | 2,800 | 9,200 | [23] | |
Sydney Harbour railway electricity tunnel | Between Birchgrove and Greenwich | Below Sydney Harbour | Power supply | 540 | 1,760 | Approximate distance[24][25] | |
Sydney Metro Northwest | Between Bella Vista and Epping stations | Metro North West & Bankstown Line | Rail | 15,500 | 50,900 | Opened May 2019[26] | |
Sydney Metro City & Southwest | Between Chatswood and Sydenham stations in Sydney | Rail | 15,500 | 50,900 | Under construction[27] | ||
Tank Stream tunnel | Between Hyde Park and Circular Quay; Sydney central business district |
Tank Stream | Storm water | 700 | 2,300 | Estimate of remnants of 1860s tunnel[28] | |
Ten Tunnels Deviation | Blue Mountains | Main Western line | Rail | 2,822 | 9,259 | Replaced the Lithgow Zig Zag; ten tunnels of ranging in length from 70 to 825 metres (230 to 2,707 ft)[29] | |
Tickhole Tunnel | Between Cardiff and Kotara stations; Newcastle |
Main North line | Rail | 370 | 1,210 | Dual tunnels ranging in length from 165 to 205 metres (541 to 673 ft)[30][31][32][33] | |
Tugun Bypass Tunnel | Tweed Heads | Gold Coast Airport | Road | 334 | 1,096 | [34] | |
Upper Nepean Scheme | Campbelltown | Water | Two tunnels | ||||
Woy Woy Tunnel | Between Wondabyne and Woy Woy stations | Main North line | Rail | 1,690 | 5,544 | Opened 15 August 1887; double track[35] | |
Wynyard Walk | Sydney central business district | Wynyard | Pedestrian | 180 | 590 | [36] |
Queensland
[edit]Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Airport Link | Between Bowen Hills and Toombul; Brisbane |
Airport Link | Road | 6,700 | 22,000 | Australia's longest road tunnel (at the time)[37] | |
Boolboonda Tunnel | Mount Perry Boolboonda, Bundaberg Region |
Bundaberg to Mount Perry railway line | Rail heritage | 192 | 630 | [38] | |
Border Tunnel | Richmond Gap, connecting New South Wales and Queensland | NSW North Coast line | Rail | 1,600 | 5,200 | On the border between New South Wales and Queensland (see New South Wales section above) | |
Cherry Gully Tunnel | Southern Downs Region | Warwick - Stanthorpe Line | Rail | 272 | 892 | Comprises two single-track tunnels[39] | |
Clem Jones Tunnel | Between Woolloongabba and Bowen Hills, Brisbane | Clem Jones Tunnel | Road | 4,800 | 15,700 | Two parallel tubes under the Brisbane River[40] | |
Cross River Rail | From Dutton Park rail to Boggo Road busway stations in Brisbane | Rail | 5,900 | 19,400 | Two bored tunnels under construction with one complete in 2021 but not operational[41] | ||
Dalveen Tunnel | Dalveen, Southern Downs Region | Warwick to Wallangarra railway line | Rail | 140 | 460 | single line rail tunnel[42] | |
Dularcha Railway Tunnel | Mooloolah, Sunshine Coast Region | North Coast line | Rail | 100 | 330 | Disused line[43] | |
Eastern Busway | Dutton Park, Brisbane | Annerley Road | Road, busway | 640 | 2,100 | Built under Boggo Road Gaol[44] | |
George Bridges Tunnel | Nundah, Brisbane | Sandgate Road | Road | 285 | 935 | [45] | |
Inner City Bypass tunnel | Breakfast Creek, Brisbane | Inner City Bypass | Road | 350 | 1,150 | [46] | |
Lahey's Canungra Tramway Tunnel | Canungra, Gold Coast | Pedestrians only | Rail heritage | 91 | 299 | c. 1900[47] | |
Legacy Way | Toowong and Kelvin Grove, Brisbane | Linking the Western Freeway with the Inner City Bypass | Road | 4,600 | 15,100 | Two bored tunnels carrying two motorway grade lanes of traffic in each direction[48] | |
Leopard Street Tunnel | Brisbane | Stormwater | c. 1890 | ||||
Main Range tunnels | Main Range | Main Line | Rail | 886 | 2,907 | A series of nine single-track or double-track tunnels that date from c. 1866 | |
Many Peaks - Monto loop line | Boyne Valley | Gladstone to Monto railway line | Rail heritage | 730 | 2,400 | Six tunnels on a disused railway line | |
Muntapa rail tunnel | Cooyar, Toowoomba Region | Cooyar railway line | Rail heritage | 280 | 920 | [49] | |
Victoria Tunnel | Grandchester | Main Line | Rail | 537 | 1,762 | [50] | |
Yimbun Railway Tunnel | Harlin, Somerset Region | Brisbane Valley railway line | Rail | 100 | 330 | Completed in 1910; line closed in 1993[51] |
South Australia
[edit]Tasmania
[edit]Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Rhyndaston Tunnel | South of Oatlands; Southern Tasmania | Tasmanian Main Line (Hobart to Western Junction) | Rail | 955 | 3,133 | Completed in 1876; widened in the 1970s[63] | |
Argent Tunnel | Emu Bay Railway | Rail |
Victoria
[edit]Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Big Hill Tunnel | Bendigo | Deniliquin railway line | Rail | 390 | 1,280 | ||
Bunbury Street Tunnel | Footscray, Melbourne | Rail | 420 | 1,380 | Both Broad Gauge and Standard Gauge entering and leaving Melbourne | ||
Burnley Tunnel | Richmond, Melbourne | CityLink / Monash Freeway | Road | 3,400 | 11,200 | ||
City Loop Tunnels | La Trobe and Spring Streets, Melbourne | Melbourne Underground Rail Loop | Rail | 12,000 | 39,000 | Comprises:
| |
Domain Tunnel | Richmond, Melbourne | CityLink / Monash Freeway | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | ||
Elphinstone Tunnel | Deniliquin railway line | Rail | 385 | 1,263 | Built double track, singled later | ||
Geelong Tunnel | Geelong | Port Fairy railway line | Rail | 422 | 1,385 | Exit from Geelong to West coast railway line | |
Melba Tunnel | Mitcham, Melbourne | Eastern Freeway to EastLink Ringwood | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | ||
Metro Tunnel | South Yarra to | Cranbourne lineSunbury linePakenham line | Rail | 9,000 | 5,600 | Once opened in 2025 the tunnel will cary the Pakenham, Cranbourne and Sunbury lines.[64] | |
Mullum Mullum Tunnel | Mitcham, Melbourne | Eastern Freeway to EastLink Ringwood | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | ||
Rosanna Tunnel | Rosanna, Melbourne | Hurstbridge railway line | Rail | 65 | 213 | ||
West Richmond Tunnel | Richmond, Melbourne | Hurstbridge railway line | Rail | 115 | 377 | ||
Jolimont Tunnel | East Melbourne, Melbourne | Hurstbridge railway line | Rail | 149 | 489 | ||
Spotswood sewer tunnel | Fishermans Bend and Spotswood; Melbourne |
Under Yarra River connecting Hobsons Bay Main with former Spotswood Sewerage Pumping Station |
Sewer | 200 | 660 | Continues in use as part of Melbourne's Sewerage system | |
West Gate Tunnel | Spotswood and Fishermans Bend; Melbourne |
West Gate Bridge | Road | 3,000 | 9,800 | Proposed as part of the Western Distributor, construction commenced in 2018[65] |
Western Australia
[edit]Name | Image | Locale | Address/Facility | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Airport line tunnel | Bayswater, Redcliffe, Perth Airport, High Wycombe | Perth | Rail | 8,000 | 26,000 | Twin bored tunnels, part of the Airport line[66] | |
Canning Tunnel | Canning Dam to Perth | Darling Scarp | Water supply | 5,600 | 18,400 | [67] | |
Northbridge Tunnel | Northbridge | Perth | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | ||
Swan View Tunnel | Swan View | Perth; John Forrest National Park | Rail | 262 | 860 | Closed and now converted to a rail trail[68] | |
William Street Tunnel | Perth railway station to Elizabeth Quay railway station | Perth | Rail | 700 | 2,300 | Twin bored tunnels that were built as part of the New MetroRail City Project,[69] used by Yanchep and Mandurah line services | |
Wungong Tunnel | Wungong Dam to Perth | Darling Scarp | Water supply | 3,700 | 12,100 |
See also
[edit]- List of tunnels by location[70]
- William A. Bailey biography [71]
References
[edit]- ^ Bozier, Rolfe (ed.). "NSW Railway Tunnels". NSWRail.net. Rolfe Bozier. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ "Ardglen Railway Tunnel". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. Retrieved 11 September 2017. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ "List of tunnels in Australia" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- ^ "Avon Tunnel". www.nswrail.net. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
- ^ "Cougal To Border Loop, Railway Spiral and Landscape". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. Retrieved 11 September 2017. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ "Busby's Bore". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00568. Retrieved 13 October 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ "Cross City Tunnel: Minister's Condition of Approval No. 288: Post Opening Report" (PDF). Roads & Traffic Authority. Government of New South Wales. June 2006. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Yelgun to Chinderah, Pacific Highway upgrade". Roads & Traffic Authority. Government of New South Wales. 22 April 2009. Archived from the original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
- ^ "Central Railway Station & Sydney Terminal Group". New South Wales Heritage Database. Office of Environment & Heritage.
- ^ Lai, Steven; Wong, Dee; Wu, Dicken (9 April 2009). "Fire and life safety designs for road tunnels in Asia" (PDF). Fire Division, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2016.
- ^ "Eastern Distributor, Sydney". Australasian Tunnelling Society. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015.
- ^ Noone, Richard; Samandar, Lema (5 June 2015). "Helensburgh tunnels: The eerie beauty of the Sutherland to Wollongong rail network". Daily Telegraph. News Corp. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- ^ "Helensburgh's Railway Tunnels". Helensburgh and District Historical Society.
- ^ "Otford railway tunnel (former)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01219. Retrieved 2 June 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ "Glenrock State Conservation Area, Plan of Management" (PDF). Department of Environment, Climate Change & Water, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. New South Wales Government. September 2010. p. 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
- ^ a b "M4 East: Project Overview" (PDF). WestConnex. NSW Government and Australian Government. September 2015. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ Langdon, Mark; Oliver, Dean, (illustrator.); Johnson, Roger, (illustrator.); Dunn, Ian, (researcher.); Gallagher, Bob, (researcher.); Matthews, Richard, (researcher.) (2017). Shale & Shays : The Fight for Shale Oil from the Wolgan Valley. Eveleigh Press. ISBN 978-1-876568-74-0.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "'Absolute gamechanger': Sydney's newest toll road to open tomorrow". www.abc.net.au. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ "Pyrmont and Glebe Railway Tunnels". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01225. Retrieved 13 October 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ Bozier, Rolfe (ed.). "Redbank Tunnel". NSWRail.net. Rolfe Bozier. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ "Southern Highlands coal miner moves rail line". ABC News. 5 December 2012.
Cox, Michael (15 January 2013). "Rail tunnel will soon be history". Wollondilly Advertiser. - ^ Stevens, Rodney (24 January 2014). "Tunnel breakthrough a major milestone for highway upgrade". Northern Star. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ Pratley, Juliet (1993). "Sydney Harbour Tunnel". Concrete International. 15 (7): 19–23.
- ^ "Railway electricity tunnel under Sydney Harbour". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01231. Retrieved 2 June 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ "Sydney Harbour (Balmain to Greenwich) Railway Electricity Tunnel". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. Retrieved 8 August 2020. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ North West Rail Link Project Overview (Report). NSW Transport. 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
- ^ "Chatswood to Sydenham". www.sydneymetro.info. Transport for NSW. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
- ^ "Tank Stream". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00636. Retrieved 13 October 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ "Great Zig Zag Railway deviation tunnels". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. Retrieved 4 September 2017. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
- ^ "The Sydney Connecting Railway". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. Vol. XI, no. 8425. New South Wales, Australia. 2 April 1884. p. 4. Retrieved 11 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "NEWS OF THE DAY". Sydney Morning Herald. No. 15, 410. New South Wales, Australia. 16 August 1887. p. 7. Retrieved 11 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "THE GOSFORD-NEWCASTLE RAILWAY". Sydney Morning Herald. No. 15, 408. New South Wales, Australia. 13 August 1887. p. 7. Retrieved 11 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "NEWS OF THE DAY". Sydney Morning Herald. No. 15, 400. New South Wales, Australia. 4 August 1887. p. 7. Retrieved 11 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Tugun Bypass". Projects. Lend Lease. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ "Public Works". Sydney Morning Herald. 22 July 1886. p. 3. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ^ "Wynyard Walk". Barangaroo Delivery Authority. 20 September 2016. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ Hawthorne, Mark (30 January 2009). "Peering deep into a long, dark tunnel". BusinessDay. Archived from the original on 27 March 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ^ Alex Brown (7 May 2003). "Gin Gin explodes out of the blocks for its 9.93 seconds of fame". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ "Cherry Gully Tunnel (entry 601517)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ "Brisbane's CLEM7 tunnel opening". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 March 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
- ^ "First of Cross River Rail's twin tunnels complete". Queensland Government Media Statements. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ "Dalveen Tunnel". Environment, land and water. Queensland Government.
- ^ "Dularcha Railway Tunnel (entry 601522)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ "Boggo Road Busway Tunnel, Brisbane" (extract). Brisbane ATS Newsletter March 2008. Australian Tunnelling Society. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
- ^ "Nundah Bypass". Arup. Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
- ^ North-South Bypass Tunnel, Brisbane, Australia Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine Road Traffic Technology.
- ^ "Lahey's Canungra Tramway Tunnel (entry 602529)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
- ^ Tunnelling, Legacy Way, Transcity official website Archived 2013-04-10 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 24 April 2013)
- ^ "Muntapa Tunnel (entry 602594)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ Grandchester: Then & Now Archived 2008-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Yimbun Railway Tunnel (entry 602637)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
- ^ a b G F Vincent (2009). "Mount Lofty - Ambleside" (PDF). SA Track and Signal. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f 4BJ (13 March 2009). "SA railway tunnels/ bridges where are they located?". Railpage. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)[self-published source?] - ^ "annual inspections of our Clarendon tunnel". SA Water. 30 May 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2020 – via Facebook.
- ^ "Dowds Hill Tunnel" (PDF). Bardavcol. August 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ a b c d G F Vincent (2009). "Belair" (PDF). SA Track and Signal. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ "Appendix VI Bridges and Structures" (PDF). ARTC Code of Practice for Operations and Safeworking. 30 June 2004. pp. 8–9. Doc No. TA02 Issue 2.1. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ Sutton, Malcolm (9 February 2018). "Curious Adelaide: Descending into the darkness of Adelaide's stormwater network (Part Two)". ABC News. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ Villani, Celeste (24 September 2015). "Sleep's Hill tunnels: An Adelaide man is planning an extraordinary step to protect the historic site". Mitcham & Hills Messenger. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ "Heysen Tunnels Construction". Department for Infrastructure & Transport. 13 August 2004. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2007.
- ^ "Summary of State Heritage Place: 13949A/26373 : Murray Bridge Transport Precinct" (PDF). South Australian Heritage Council. 7 July 2015. pp. 5–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
- ^ "Opening of $160 million O-Bahn bus tunnel to ease traffic delays". ABC News. ABC. 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ "Rhyndaston Tunnel". Structurae.net. Nicolas Janberg. 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Benefits for your train line". Victoria’s Big Build. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "West Gate Tunnel Project Western Distributor Reference design released". West Gate Tunnel Project. Government of Victoria. 2017. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
- ^ "Why underground?". Forrestfield-Airport Link. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ "Water Tunnel Under Range". The West Australian. 5 August 1972.
- ^ "The Only Railway Tunnel In The State". Western Mail. National Library of Australia. 23 May 1903. p. 32. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Australia, Perth - au/23". www.tunnelbuilder.com. 2017. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ Bayley, William A. (1974). Tunnels on Australian Railways. Ausrail Publications. ISBN 0-909597-16-2.
- ^ https://www.nla.gov.au/collections/guide-selected-collections/bayley-collection [bare URL]