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User:Jähmefyysikko/finn

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The Finnic nations identified by language (west to east):
Pinks: Sámi
Blues: Baltic Finns
Yellows and red: Volga Finns
Browns: Perm Finns

The Finnic peoples, sometimes called Finno-Permians[1] or simply Finns, are the nations who speak languages traditionally classified in the Finnic (or Finno-Permic) language family, and which are thought to have originated in the region of the Volga River. They include four groups:

The last two include the Finno-Ugric peoples of the and the Russian republics of Komi, Mari El, Mordovia and Udmurtia.[4] The largest Finnic peoples by population are the Finns (6 million), the Estonians (1 million), the Mordvins (800,000), the Mari (570,000), the Udmurts (550,000), the Komis (330,000) and the Sámi (100,000).[5]

The Finnic peoples are sometimes called Finno-Ugric, uniting them with the Ugric-speaking peoples (Khanty, Mansi and Hungarians), or Uralic, uniting them also with the Samoyeds.[6] These linguistic connections were discovered between the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.[7]

Finnic peoples migrated westward from very approximately the Volga area into northwestern Russia and (first the Sámi and then the Baltic Finns) into Scandinavia, though scholars dispute the timing. The ancestors of the Perm Finns moved north and east to the Kama and Vychegda rivers. Those Finnic peoples who remained in the Volga basin began to divide into their current diversity by the sixth century, and had coalesced into their current nations by the sixteenth.[citation needed]

The term "Finnic peoples" is also used more narrowly to refer specifically to the Baltic Finns.[8] In Russian academic literature, it sometimes refers to the Baltic Finns and the Volga Finns.[9] In older texts, "Finns" was occasionally used to refer to all Finno-Ugric peoples.[10][11]

  1. ^ Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 33–34.
  2. ^ Goldina, Ekaterina; Goldina, Rimma (2018). "On North-Western Contacts of Perm Finns in VII–VIII Centuries". Estonian Journal of Archaeology. 22 (2): 163–180. doi:10.3176/arch.2018.2.04. S2CID 166188106.
  3. ^ Golden, Peter B. (1994) [1990]. "The peoples of the Russian forest belt". In Sinor, Denis (ed.). The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 230. ISBN 9780521243049.
  4. ^ Lallukka, Seppo (1990). The East Finnic minorities in the Soviet Union. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. ISBN 951-41-0616-4.
  5. ^ "Национальный состав населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  6. ^ Golden, Peter B. (1994) [1990]. "The peoples of the Russian forest belt". In Sinor, Denis (ed.). The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 230. ISBN 9780521243049.
  7. ^ "Uralic peoples". www.suri.ee. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  8. ^ "Finnic peoples". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  9. ^ Patrušev, Valerij (2000). The Early History of the Finno-Ugric Peoples of European Russia. Oulu: Societas Historiae Fenno-Ugricae. p. 7. ISBN 978-951-97040-3-6.
  10. ^ Keltie, John Scott (1879). "Finland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. IX (9th ed.). pp. 216–220. see page 219, para Ethnology and Language.—The term Finns has a wider application than Finland, being, with its adjective Finnic or Finno-Ugric or Ugro-Finnic......&.... (5) The Ugrian Finns include the Voguls.....
  11. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Russia" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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